社會系統理論在教育上的適用性

Abstract

本文係以文獻評閱法探討由社會進化論，結構－－功能理論的精神所凝聚而成的社會系統理論在教育上應用的可能性。該理論提出一個社會系統如要在複雜環境裏生存所應具有的結構特徵：即(1)次系統的功能分化與自主，(2)價值類化，(3)透過程序來實施價值，(4)普遍性的依程序來甄選新進成員與激勵成員，(5)內部角色的分化，角色間的互動開放，類化的溝通媒介，(6)對類化溝通媒介的信任，(7)媒介要具有反身性，(8)類化溝通媒介超越系統界限流通到其他系統而達到整個社會的整合。最後舉一些實證性研究來證驗社會系統理論。雖所舉研究數目不多，尚未涵蓋理論的全部，但已顯出其可應用性。這理論一方面可供教育行政行為的參考，另方面可引發這方面的實證性教育研究。 This study discusses the applicability of the social system theory, which is developed by Munch, R. and originated from the socialdarwinism and structure-functional theory, to education. This theory figures out some structural characteristics, which must be possessed by a social system, if it wants to survive in the complex environment. These characteristics are as follows: (1)functional differentiation and autonomy of subsystems, (2)generalization of value, (3)implementation of value through normalized procedure, (4)generally recruiting and motivating members through normalized procedure, (5)internal differentiation, arbitrariness of interaction, generalized communicational media, (6)confidence in the generalized communicational media, (7)reflexivity of generalized communicational media, (8)integration of society through frontier-crossing circulation of generalized communicational media, empirical educational studies were cited to verify the social system theory. Although the studies cited were not much enough to cover the whole theory, it has implied that this theory is applicable to the educational field. The social system theory can be a guiding rule for practical educational administrative actions as well as a resourceful framework for further educational empirical research.