我國教育分佈之均等度及未來高等教育發展的策略

Abstract

本研究以基尼係數檢視我國幼稚園、國小、國中、高中、高職、公私立大專院校、公立大專院校、及教育經費在全國分佈的均勻度。由於各縣市人口不等，故以臺北市人口當分子，各縣市人口當分母，其商當作各縣市的加權值，表示各縣市如果人口一樣，則各級學校分佈是否均勻。結果發現分佈最不均勻的是大專院校，尤其是公立大專院校。本研究進一步用群集分析，依學校分佈密度不同將全國分為高、中、及低密度區。本研究建議：為促進我國城鄉教育均衡發展，高等教育應被列為第一優先，宜在大專院校分佈低密度區優先考慮設校。為避免擴充高等教育所可能帶來的大量大學畢業生失業，同時又能透過發展高等教育帶動地區的經濟發展，本研究建議在低密度區成立科學園區（或稱科技創新中心），以一所以理工為主的大學為觸媒，支應其毗鄰的高科技公司之成長。以後科學園區數目逐漸增多，均勻的散佈全島，使臺灣成為一個科技島。This study monitors the distributional equity of kindergartens, elementaryschools, junior high schools, senior high schools, vocational high schools,public and private institutions of higher education, public institutions ofhigher education, as well as school financing in the ROC. Because of unequalpopulations, the school number of each county (or city) is weighted by theratio of population (population of Taipei city/population of each county orcity). The results show that with and without weighting, the distribution ofinstitutions of higher education is most unequal, especially the distributionof public institutions of higher education. Cluster analysis is appliedfurther to classify the counties or cities into different areas ofdistributional density. Each county or city is identified as belonging to thehigh, medium, or low density area. Because the development of higher educationis most unequal in our country, the erection of new universities in the lowdensity areas must be the first priority. In order to prevent the large scaleof unemployment of college graduates after the expansion of higher educationand to promote simultaneously the local economic development, a strategy ofbuilding-up of technological innovation centers (or scientific parks) issuggested. As the number of technological innovation center is increased andevenly distributed in this island, Taiwan will become the \"Island of Hightech\".