優質的A型兒童存在嗎?—以自我概念、自我效能、學業成就分析之

Abstract

本研究旨在探討兒童A型行為組型之多向性（multidimensionality），並以自我態度;自我效能及學業成就為效標驗證之。受試者為台北縣汐止國小四年級學生，有效樣本248人。 本研究之相關分析結果顯示：以A型量表與自我態度求相關，則發現A型總分與自我態度呈零相關；但深究A型量表中，「努力競爭與成就」與「攻擊性與敵意」彼此互相獨立且不相干，但二者又同等貢獻於總分。因此，兒童A型行為並非為一整體性（global）概念，而具有多向性屬性。在自我效能與學業成就表現等變項上，亦發現類似結果。 進一步將A/B型分成不同組型時，在變異數分析上的確發現，有別於傳統A型傾向者（高敵意高成就）被視為不健康;有毒（toxic）的形象，具備「低敵意高成就」特質者，其心理健康狀態較佳且學業表現良好，堪稱為優質的A型。 The purpose of this study is to assess the multidimensionality of Type A Behavior Pattern (TABP) in children. The subjects are 248 fourth graders in Shi-Chi elementary school. The correlation between the total score in Type A scale and self-attitude is not significant. However, probe into the correlation between the three subscales shows that competition-achievement, and aggression-hostility subscales are heterogeneous but equally contribute to total score in Type A scale. Therefore, this finding also shows that Type A behavior in children is not a global concept, but a multidimen­sional concept. The similar findings were proved in other variables (self-efficiency and academic achievement). Besides, when we separate the subjects into four groups, which are: the ANOVA outcome shows that the low hostility/high achievement children are mentally healthier and perform better than children in the other three groups. This study shows that Type A with fine character do exists.