阿拉伯人的民族認定──對「標準阿拉伯語」（al-Fushah）與「生活阿拉伯語」（al-‘Amiyyah）的解析

Abstract

擁有2億人口的「阿拉伯人」全都屬於一個「阿拉伯民族」嗎？從民族學「民族認定」的角度檢視，這是不能成立的。雖然阿拉伯人共同使用الفصحة （al-Fushah，標準阿拉伯語）為共通語及書面用語，但是在日常生活上，他們在親朋好友鄰里同鄉之間用各自不同的العامية（al-‘Amiyyah，生活阿拉伯語）交談。阿拉伯各種生活語之間差異極大，本文嘗試強調這種差異，並根據這種差異以及「一種語言對應一個民族」的原則，重新檢視「阿拉伯人」，得到「阿拉伯人」的範圍內包含了「阿拉伯民族集團」與「非阿拉伯民族集團」；而「阿拉伯民族集團」內又可區分為13個「民族」的結論，並據此將「阿拉伯民族」定位。 Do all of the 200 million Arabs belong to one single Arabic ethnos? From the viewpoint of ethnos identification of the ethnology, the answer is apparently not. Although الفصحة - al-Fushah（the standard Arabic）is the formal verbal and written language by all Arabs, العامية - al-‘Amiyyah (the local living languages( are used to communicate with relatives, friends and neighbors. The local Arabic languages vary substantially. This research identifies the differentiation of all the `Amiyyah and matches each of them with one ethnos. It concludes that the Arabs are comprised of two fundamental groups, the conglomerate of Arabic ethnos and the conglomerate of non-Arabic ethnos, and the former one can be further divided into thirteen ethnos. This research classifies the Arabs accordingly.