阿拉伯蒙昧詩序言的解讀

Abstract

阿拉伯詩自古至今歷經許多型態與意義上的轉變與革新。然而，傳統詩的序言自西元六世紀之後世代相傳，詩人難免在序言中緬懷昔日的愛情經驗並哭悼遺址，成為獨特的文學現象。本文首先介紹阿拉伯蒙昧詩形成的歷史、地理與社會背景，說明其主題、形式及其在文學上的地位與價值。對於該文學現象的處理則先從原始資料中蒐集並篩選不同作者與主題的蒙昧詩序言，據以佐證此現象在沙漠文學中的普遍性，並舉晚期不曾駐足沙漠的宮廷詩人詩作，以證實該現象發生在不同時空的阿拉伯詩中。緊接著剖析這些序言的內容，歸納出「廢墟」與「情人」兩個對比的主體，認為前者 ─「廢墟」代表的是停滯、絕望與死亡，是弱勢的沉寂。後者 ─「情人」象徵活力、希望與生命，是強勢的主宰。兩者的落差導致詩序言中瀰漫著「哭泣」。本論文所獲致的成果除了這些象徵意義之外，或許是剖析阿拉伯蒙昧詩中所表現的寫實色彩並呈現阿拉伯文化中特殊的傳統與價值，了解他們長期生活在遼闊荒漠中，所培養出對大自然的愛，以及身處大漠中對萬物凝思後，所理出的人生哲學。 Since the ancient times, the Arabic poetry has gone through many stylistic and substantial changes and innovations. Have that been said, one of the poetry’s preamble is able to preserve its past stylistics till now. Despite the changes of a person`s surroundings, everyone will experience the feelings and the scenes portrayed by Imru’ al-Qays. Requesting one`s companion to stop his camel; weeping in front of a lover’s disused house; cherishing the memory of past love; describing the lonesome and depressive feelings after leaving a loved one, these were all portraits in the preamble of Imru’ al-Qays’s poetry. A poet of Arabic classical poetry often uses a superimposed stylistic device to embellish the word “love,” and promptly moves the scenes from one to the other, leading the readers to glance at the disused lodgment of the lover’s. Poets tend to write love poetries about the life in deserts as a medium to address their thoughts and feelings towards love. They may not reflect a real life situation, however they definitely reveal ones passion. The technique used by the poets are similar, they tend to use metaphorical devices by representing women as specific spiritual mammals. They also congest a similar use of ornate languages, such as the names of sensible mammals, plants and the view of nature. “Lover” and “disused houses” are considered as contrastive subjects in the poetries. Each of them symbolizes the value and specialty of the Arab culture. The preservation of the Arabic literature also symbolizes their thoughtfulness and their respective attitude towards their own culture.