俄羅斯傳統婚俗儀式中的象徵意義

Abstract

婚禮為俄羅斯節慶文化中最受重視的節慶之一，儀式完整繁複，內涵豐富，為俄羅斯民俗儀式中反映文化獨特性之最具代表性者。L. A.懷特指出：「文化世界的關鍵和參與文化世界的方式便是－符號」，本文將探討俄羅斯婚俗儀式中的符號意義，籍以了解俄羅斯的文化世界。俄羅斯傳統婚俗儀式，除了具有法律意義與社會意義之外，就文化與心理層面而言，功能有二：其一為防範超自然力量對新人的危害，其二為祈福、保佑新人。獨特性或不在於功能本身，而是反映在表現形式上。本文將俄羅斯傳統婚俗中重要的象徵意義，分為：一）子孫繁衍的象徵；二）守護神的象徵；三）新人的象徵；四）與婚禮儀式有關的象徵；五）幸福的象徵；六）富足的象徵；七）純潔、潔淨的象徵；八）驅邪避凶作用的象徵。個別象徵意義之於文化的重要性，以及每一類別中符號與象徵意義的對應關係，皆其有文化特殊性；其作為傳達文化特質的重要元素，值得重視。本研究藉由了解俄羅斯傳統婚俗中的禮儀規範、儀式與符號，探討其產生緣由與象徵意義，期能對俄羅斯民族價值觀、宗教觀以及民族心理等構成民族文化特質的因素，有更深層的了解。 The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the symbolic meanings in the Russian traditional marital rituals which are full of significant implications and most reflect the unique characteristics of the Russian culture.The symbols of the Russian traditional marital rituals and customs not only provide the legal and social meanings, but also represent two other important implications: to prevent from the possible injury to the wedding couple from the supernatural forces and to bless for the bride and groom. This paper will classify the symbolic meanings of the Russian traditional marital rituals and customs into different categories, including symbols of procreation of descendants, guardian angels, bride and groom, happiness, richness, pureness, and resistance of the evil spirits.As L. A. White indicated: ” ... the key to this world and the means of participation in it is - the symbol”, this paper will begin from examining the ceremonies, practices, restrictions, proceedings and symbols in the Russian traditional marital rituals and customs, and will further explore its origins and symbolic meanings. Consequently, this paper is expected to elaborate the national values, religious beliefs, and mentality which represent the key elements of the Russian national cultural characteristics.