價值形式與統治形式：對社會契約論的一個馬克思式的理解

Abstract

本文的主要論點有四：1．馬克思的四種價值形式，蘊含了四種統治形式；2．四種統治形式，又分別適應於笛福、洛克、霍布斯與盧梭關於社會或社會契約的論述；3．由於四種價值形式與統治形式是一個發展的整體。因此，當社會契約理論被納入這個發展整體來理解時，它們也就被「模式化」，而成為一個發展的序列；4．這個發展的序列不同於歷史的序列，因為在這個序列中，霍布斯被認為是洛克理論的進一步發展，而盧梭的理論則是霍布斯理論的倒退。此外，一個隱藏並有待進一步討論的課題是：如果馬克思提出價值形式是為了取消價值，那麼統治形式的提出是否也指向統治的消除？若是，則它如何可能？

There are four main arguments in this essay: 1. Marx`s four value- forms imply four governance-forms, 2. the latter are suited to the discourses of social dimension of Defoe, Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau. 3. Since the value-forms and governance-forms are both a totality of development, the theories of social contract are \"modelized\" as a series of development in so far as they were understood in such way. 4. This series is different to a historical one: Hobbes` theory would be taken as an advance of Locke`s, and Rousseau`s theory as a degradation of Hobbes`. In addition, there is still another thesis hidden in this essay. If Marx`s formation of value-form is to abolish value, does it mean to abolish goverance when the goverance-form was established? If the answer is yes, how is it possible? This thesis is to be further developed.