國內中年人關心的生活課題之探討研究

Abstract

本研究的目的在於探討國內中年人所關心的生活課題及對這些生活課題的關心程度 是否有年齡與性別差異。研究以大臺北地區４９７位已婚者（１７５位年輕成年人，１６４位 中年過渡期成年人，１５８位中年人）為研究對象。受試者接受結構式量表的個別訪問，以回 答他們對描述目前生活實際狀況、想法、感覺或需求每一陳述句的同意程度。 使用主觀的標準做為決定某一生活課題是否受到中年人的關心，研究結果顯示國內中年人所關 心的生活課題依關心程度高低的排次有對生產繁衍、獲得更多的自主獨立、哀傷父母親的衰老 死亡、國家社會未來前途、個人的死亡、親密友誼需求的增加、重訂將來的生活目標及性別角 色的改變的關心等八類，尤其是前五類是國內中年人所特別關心的生活議題。 在國內中年人所關心的八類生活課題中，經ｔ考驗結果顯示出中年過渡期成年人對個人死亡的 關心程度比年輕成年人高，中年過渡期成年人對性別角色的改變、重訂將來的生活目標、獲得 更多的自主獨立與生產繁衍等生活課題的關心程度比中年人高；中年女性比中年男性對個人死 亡的關心程度高，中年過渡期的女性比中年過渡期的男性對獲得更多的自主獨立的關心程度高 。其它國內中年人所關心的生活課題，在關心程度上並無顯著的性別差異。 The purpose of this study is to investigate what are life issues identified as concerns during mid-life in Taiwan society and whether concern level of life issues identified as concerns during mid-life shows age differences and sex differences. Structured questionnaire interview was administered to a sample of 497 married adult residents (175 young adults, 164 mid-life transition adults. 158 middle-aged adults) of Taipei area. Respondents were interviewed with Mid-life Experience Inventory to report the extent to which they agree or disagress statements which describe their present real life, thoughts, or needs. Subjective criterions were employed to decide which life issues are concerned by mid-life transiton and middle-aged adults. Eight life issues were identified as concerns during mid-life in Taiwan society. Those 8 life issues in concern level order are generativity, gain more independence, mourn parent`s physical decline or death, future of nation and society, concerns about one`s death, affiliative needs increase, define goals for future, and sex role changes. Particularly, the former 5 life issues are significantly concerned by mid-life person in Taiwan society. Within 8 life issues identified as concerns during mid-life in Taiwan society, t-test results showed (1)Mid-life transition adults concern about one`s death more than young adults, (2)Mid-life transition adults concern about generativity, gain more independence, define goals for future, and sex role changes more than middle-aged adults, (3)Mid-life female concern about one`s death more than mid-life male, (4)Mid-life transition female concern about gain more independence more than mid-life transition male.