中國大陸城鄉居民收入差距之研究

Abstract

本文的研究目的，在探討一九九五年以來中國大陸鄉居民收入差距的變動，以及其主要響因素。經過實證結果發現，隨著時間的遞移，大陸城鄉居民整體收入差距是呈現縮小的趨勢，也就是說，城鄉居民收入差距表面上所呈現的「縮小─擴大─再擴大」的現象，市受到眾多因素影響的結果。主要包括城鄉從業人員工資差異、外來投資、國有部門比重、財政支農力度、以及一胎化政策實行之後，城鄉家停在人口負擔上所產生的差異。雖然，傳統的二元經濟結構仍是影省因素之一，但其影想力已不及整個大陸地區。而針對西部地區特質所得到的研究結果顯示，加大財政支援西部地區發展特色農業，將是平衡該地區城鄉居民收入差距的最佳選擇。

This paper aims to investigate the changes in mainland China’s regional urban-rural income differential and its determinants during the period of 1995-2000. After we estimate the fixed-effects model of the urban-rural income differential equation, the empirical results show a downward trend in the differential which is different from data observation. In addition, it is found that the change in mainland China’s regional urban-rural income differential is primarily affected by the urban-rural employment wage differential, foreign direct investment, the share of the state sector, the level of agricultural financial subsidies, and the one-child policy. Although the dual-system of the economic structure has been proved to be an important determinant in many previous studies in the literature, this conclusion con be supported only in the eastern and central part of mainland China during the referred period in this study. Finally, for the western part of mainland China, the best way to mitigate the urban-rural income differential is to allocate more resources to further develop the agriculture sector.