WTO爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書第六條第二項之研究

Abstract

本論文主要在討論，先決之爭點與「爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（DSU）」第六條二項（成立小組請求）間之互動。\r\n首先，作者區別成立小組請求兩大要件，分別為：敘明系爭措施及提供法律根據已釐清系爭案件。\r\n其次，在此架構下，本文進而從近來所發生之四十七個爭端解決案件中，分析上訴機構對兩要件之認定標準的發展。本文發現，爭端解決小組及上訴機構透過放寬先決爭點認定標準之結果，會降低成立小組請求之明確性。同時，本文也蒐集相關實證統計資料，藉以呈現先決爭點如何影響DSU之功能。經由歸納後，本文認為，當前先決之爭點的負面影響大於正面影響。\r\n再者，儘管先決爭點有上述問題，作者一方面仍肯定先決之爭點的正面功能，並認同爭端解決實務放寬認定標準之趨勢；另方面，則嘗試提出若干工具以避免上述負面影響大過正面影響。\r\n最後則提出第六條第二項之修法建議。\r\n關鍵字：爭端解決規則與程序瞭解書（DSU）第六條二項、成立小組請求、先決之爭點

This thesis focused on the interaction between the preliminary issues and Article 6.2(panel request) of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes(DSU).\r\nFirst, the author distinguished the two main requirements of panel request: identify the specific measures at issue, and provide a brief summary of the legal basis of the complaint sufficient to present the problem clearly.\r\nSecondly, with the two requirements as framework, the author started to scrutinize how preliminary issues affected recent 47 dispute settlement cases and analyze its implication. Then, it was observed that the Dispute Settlement Panel and the Appellate Body were broadening their review standards as to preliminary issues, which would then lead to reduce the precision of panel request. Meanwhile, this thesis collected relevant statistic data to show how the preliminary issues affected the current DSU function. Then, it was observed that the preliminary issues, so far, had strong negative effects and few positive effects on the dispute settlement system.\r\nMoreover, the author, on the one hand, recognized the function of preliminary issues and viewed current dispute settlement practice as good trend with some deficit; and, on the other hand, tried to propose some useful tools to prevent the negative effect to overcome positive effects. And eventually, proposed revision of Article 6.2 of DSU.\r\nKey words: Article 6.2 of Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing The Settlement of Disputes (DSU), panel request, preliminary issues