中醫醫藥典籍中之Metadata的初探─以「本草備要」、「醫方集解」為例

Abstract

本研究之方向係探究建置大型中醫藥倉儲所需之後設資料(Metadata)，並透過此一初探，瞭解與描述其中所需之分析方法，本研究設想Zachman Framework為合適之資料倉儲開發方法，因而由5W1H面向來衍生該專業領域所需之概念。此類概念可再透過一分析程序，確立後設資料。\r\n因時間之限制，本研究採用「本草備要」、「醫方集解」為範例文件進行相關分析，以減少中醫流派林立及中文本身不準確性帶來之問題，當然，本研究在其中亦力求在整體架構上維持其他中醫藥典籍之適用性。\r\n為達成目標，本研究首先探討了至今中草藥資料庫、資料倉儲、電子超文件領域之發展，因而本研究決定將個別之中醫典籍視為「資料專櫃」，而將分類樹、Metadata描述性資料置於目次(catalog)的概念之下，這樣的做法有利於整合其他典籍及其後設資料於大型資料倉儲中。\r\n首先，本研究由重要中醫藥典籍導出基礎性中草藥概念與名詞，其後透過典藏面及應用面之統計分析，確認範例典籍中的Metadata。在實作方面，本研究以BNF來描述和定義Metadata，並以XML為工具完成雛型以供測試之。其中，本研究發現，基於資料倉儲觀點所擷取之後設資料的分析單位較傳統圖書典藏所得之為小。此外，本研究擷取過程中所涉及之Metadata，以功能性者為多，本研究亦採取了若干語言分析以期同時能維持典籍之文字結構。

The objective of this research work is to acquisit and design Metadata for the construction of data warehouse of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) literatures in the context of knowledge management. In order to solve the problem of preservation and utilization of TCM literatures, this work aims to designate the Metadata based on the viewpoint of knowledge engineering and data warehouse.\r\nIn this work, the characteristics of the TCM regarding Metadata result in the 5W1H’s principle, while this work argues for its advantages for deriving more functional descriptions and keeping the syntax structure of the originals at the same time. To minimize the constraints of time, this work chooses “Ben Cao Bei Yao” and “Yi Fang Ji Jie” as the target to analyze.\r\nIn constructing a prototype, the tacit knowledge in the example TCM literatures is converted through an analytic process explicitly into the organizational knowledge that can be easily preserved and processed by machines. Therefore, a statistical process is employed to derive and verify the Metadata in the context of the example TCM literatures. Then, the components regarding the Metadata are implemented with XML tools to develop the prototype.\r\nLast but not the least, this work presents its findings as follows:\r\n1. The unit of analysis for deriving Metadata related to data warehouse is usually in a smaller degree of finesse in comparison to what is addressed in the area of traditional library management.\r\n2. Through the Metadata derived in this work based on a data warehouse approach presents more functional elements, we can still maintain the linguistic structure of the example literatures with some careful linguistically analyses in the last step.