「九一一」後中共對中亞的外交政策

Abstract

中亞地區國家，在前蘇聯解體後紛紛獨立，積極對原有的政治體制及經濟體制進行改革，以圖融入國際體系，確保其國家安全和國家利益。中亞位於歐亞大陸腹地，戰略位置重要，是連接歐亞大陸的走廊，被喻為「第二個中東」和「本世紀的能源基地」。\r\n\r\n獨立後的中亞國家變為國與國間的關係，互相簽訂了友好條約及經濟文化等各方面的合作協定。五國亦分別與歐美西方大國建立良好的外交關係，因為唯有如此才能給它們帶來巨大的政治和經濟利益。中亞五國都奉行全方位的外交政策，雖然各國的外交重點並不完全一樣，但保持與世界各國友好關係的基本方向是他們的共同目標。\r\n\r\n對中共而言，此地區更形重要，就地緣戰略、國家安全戰略、能源戰略與經濟戰略的角度看，都具有正面的意義。然而隨著911事件，美國以反恐怖戰爭為名，將軍事力量進入中亞地區，無異是在中共的後院部署了軍事力量，甚至對「上海合作組織」形成挑戰。不僅如此，世界各強權國家亦因中亞地區豐富的石油資源，爭相介入中亞地區事務及經濟援助，期能獲得利益，因而對中共的中亞政策形成衝擊。\r\n\r\n本論文旨在探討中共在911後，因美國軍事力量進入中亞國家，另外世界和主要大國將勢力也伸入中亞地區，對中共形成一定程度的挑戰，在此一挑戰下，中共採取對中亞國家的外交政策為何？

The countries in Central Asia region became independent one by one after Soviet Union crumbled. They tried hard to reform their original political and economic structures, seeking to integrate into international systems to ensure their national security and interests. Central Asia region is an area of strategic importance for connecting Euro-Asian continents, which has been so called as \" the second Middle East: and Energy Base of the Century\".\r\n As independent states, the five Central Asian nations signed treaty of friendship and economic and culture cooperation agreements with each other. They also established friendly foreign relationship with Western leading powers, bidding to bring about tremendous political and economic interests for their own countries. In addition, they all pursued comprehensive foreign policy. Although the keynotes of their foregin policy are not exactly the same, maintaining amicable relationship with global nations is their common goal.\r\n This region is vital for China`s national interest in view of its geographical, energy and economic strategies. Nevertheless, in the aftermath of 911, the U.S. stepped in Central Asia region with its military force via initiating war against terrorism. China regarded America`s act as deploying troops in its backyard, which even caused a threat to \"Shanghai Cooperation organization\". Moreover, the other big powers all over the world strived to intervene in Central Asian region affairs and offer their economic aids to gain profits from abundant petroleum resources in this area. Therefore these situations affected China`s policy toward Central Asian.\r\n This thesis aims at discussing China`s foreign policy toward Central Asian nations after 911 in the face of challenges made by Americans military force and other big power`s intervention