人權教育與校規演變--以兩所國民中學為焦點之比較研究

Abstract

台灣教育體系的發展在傳統倫理觀念、集體管理主義、升學與粗廉主義等歷史因素交相影響下，始終無法脫離僵化的惡性循環，校園中充滿大量的管制規範與獎懲制度，不僅有礙於人權教育的推展，更為管制文化的生根提供茁壯的土壤。\r\n本研究從校園制度層面著手，結合校規演變與人權教育進行探討，首先透過歷史溯源，探詢相關校園規範之教育法令與校規的演變，探析演變的因素與過程，以及在演變的過程中，學校教育、教師圖像與學生主體的關係呈現何種變化？期望藉此研究重新反省教育人員的定位，並企圖探索教育人員能否從中檢討自身所處社會的、文化的與實際的環境，並能批判並澄清其在合法化政治、經濟、社會、利益上的角色。\r\n其次，透過文件分析與比較分析，探析城鄉兩所不同學校校園規範與校園生態之實際情形，探究在相同的歷史發展脈絡下，兩校所呈現出的校園規範與校園文化是否有所不同。研究結果發現，面對校園民主化的到來，兩校於制度層面均能順應社會期待，但在心態上，是否有所積極與消極做為則觀乎其對於學校教育、教師專業倫理與學生本質之不同預設而有不同。\r\n 整體而言，我國校園規範之發展，係由國家教育權與義務本位觀，逐漸朝向國民為教育權之主體以及權利義務觀的方向發展。校園的民主化與整體教育法制及文化政治相互影響，校園規範的演變促動了校園文化的改變，在民主化的進程中，受到人權思潮的影響，顯現出「人」的自覺與反省與大環境的相互辯證關係。\r\n校園規範牽涉到權威、正義、隱私、責任等相關人權教育的價值，因此，民主的開放性不僅給于學校有自主的可能，同時也是希望教師有創造、轉化的可能，在體會到「人民為教育權之主體」後，學校方才能轉化其教育環境，改變其教育心態與行動，彰顯其目的性與任務性。

The development of the education system in Taiwan could not break away from the rigid vicious circle under the influence factor between the traditional ethics idea, collective managerialism, proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade and thick inexpensive principle. There are lots of obstruct the implementation of human rights education but also offer a field for the growing of culture of control.\r\nThe argument in this study combine the development of school regulations and human rights education that probe into the legal system of education. First, the research start analyzing through history background of the development of the school regulations and the education in campus the probe into the legal system. During the process of developing, what kind of change of the relation happened between school education, teacher’s picture, student’s subject appear？ Expect through this study to introspect educator’s location and examine educational environment. Attempt to explore whether a teacher can criticize one’s own role in legalizing the politics, economy, society and interests.\r\nSecondly, through text analysis and comparative analysis, analyze the school regulation and reality of two different schools in urban and rural area. Discuss the difference between the school regulation and culture of the two schools in the same historical background. The result of the study discovered two schools can both comply with the society’s expect on the system aspect facing the arrival of democratization. But on the change of mindset, it’s should depend on the school education, teacher professional ethics and student essence.\r\nTreating the wholeness as single conclusion, the development of the school regulations in our country in the beginning are dominated by nationalism, then gradually democratized. In fact, democratization of campus and the legal system of education are influence each other. The development of school regulations promote the change on campus culture. In the process of democratization, influenced by human rights, display people’s conscientious and introspection with the dialectical relation of the environment.\r\nThe school regulations of education value involves authority, justice, privacy, responsibility and human rights, etc. Therefore, The openness of democracy not merely gives independent possibility for the school, But make the teacher possible to create and transform at the same time. When school realize ‘people are the main body of education’. It same will be able to change the education environment, Education attitude and action, and then reflect its purpose and task.