Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/32330
題名: 台灣地方政府財務課責–自願性網路財務揭露之決定因素
The Accountability and determinants of Voluntary Internet-based financial disclosures by Taiwan Local government
作者: 徐雅慧
貢獻者: 何怡澄
徐雅慧
關鍵詞: 地方政府
透明度
課責性
網路揭露
日期: 2007
上傳時間: 14-Sep-2009
摘要: 近年來,各地不斷傳出企業無預警的經營危機,因此各產業均大力倡導公司治理的重要性,有效的公司管理,將可促進監督負責經營公司之管理階層更有效率的經營管理組織。\r\n管理者與代理者之間的資訊不對稱,使得組織在監督與治理上產生問題。長久以來,「代理問題」存在於營利組織中,而政府組織,由於代理成本較高,代理問題更為嚴重,因此資訊對監督與治理地方政府,有其必要性。其中,應屬財務資訊最為重要,財務狀況不健全,縣市政府之建設亦不完善。 \r\n資訊之揭露為人民瞭解地方政府施政績效之管道,進而瞭解其課責程度。近來網際網路傳遞資訊的技術大幅進步,逐漸成為人民最快速且直接瞭解地方政府運作及瞭解施政績效的方式。資訊揭露之品質愈好,愈能充份表達出地方政府縣政狀況及營運績效,但目前尚無法源強制規定政府部門應於網站上公佈財務資訊,因此揭露程度之高低並不一致。 \r\n 目前,台灣二十五個縣市政府網站中財務資訊揭露之情況,粗略可分為三種類型:第一種為揭露程度較高;第二種為揭露程度中等;第三種為揭露程度不足。首先,符合第一種揭露程度較高的縣市有:台中縣、南投縣、高雄縣、花蓮縣、新竹市、台中市及台北市;符合第三種揭露程度不足的縣市有:新竹縣、雲林縣及彰化縣;其餘為第二種揭露程度中等之縣市。因此可得知,台灣縣市政府網站所揭露之程度,仍有很大的改進空間。\r\n 由於縣市政府網站資訊揭露程度不同,因此,本研究探討地方政府網站揭露程度與地方政府的政治競爭活動、經濟概況、財政狀況、及新聞能見度之關係。縣市政府網站資訊揭露程度之衡量,本研究參考Perez et al.(2005)之架構,並依據國內地方政府網站內容進行資訊揭露狀況之評估,分為訊息揭露的類型、揭露特性及網站設計的可親近性三大類評估項目,分別進行計點,三項評估項目之總計即為縣市政府網站揭露之程度。\r\n本研究分別以單變數檢定與迴歸分析探討地方政府網站資訊揭露程度與其相關因素的關聯性。首先,在單變數檢定採用t檢定與Wilcoxon檢定。分析方法為:按網站揭露程度所獲得之點數分組及按縣市所在層級分組。由結果可得知,縣市政府網站揭露程度的高低,會受到人民的教育程度、經費運用之效率所影響;層級劃分之不同的確會對縣市政府網站揭露程度造成影響,而網站設計可親近性程度與縣市所在層級之高低並非呈現正向關係;其次,分別以縣市政府網站揭露程度、網站設計的可親近性程度、網站訊息揭露的特性及訊息揭露的類型對政治因素、經濟因素、財務槓桿因素、市政財富因素及新聞能度等經濟政治因素進行迴歸分析。結果發現,縣市政府政治競爭效果、財務槓桿效果、市政財富效果及新聞能見度效果與縣市政府網站揭露程度之高低呈現負向關係,經濟變數與縣市政府網站揭露程度之高低呈現正向關係,且財務槓桿及市政財富對網站揭露程度不完全顯著,確實存在資訊不對稱、透明度不高的問題,因此縣市政府之資訊揭露機制尚有待進行改進;此外,本研究將樣本分成五個區域進行迴歸分析以驗證縣市政府所在區域對網站揭露程度之影響,由結果可得知,位於中區之縣市,整體而言較其他縣市表現好。綜上所述,地方政府經費運用之績效較低,應適度降低冗員的比例,積極培育人才,將組織內部人力資本之績效達到最高;另一方面,多數縣市政府其融資需求之值大於零,意指地方政府歲出大於歲入。地方政府應通盤考量,精確計算出縣市政府年度預算,且盡力創造政府稅收,使歲出歲入達到平衡。\r\n\r\n關鍵詞:地方政府、透明度、課責性、網路揭露
參考文獻: 一、中文部分
陳敦源、黃東益、蕭乃沂
2000 <資訊與民主:台灣立法機關網站政治溝通功能之評估>,《理論與政策》,第十五卷第三期:頁19-60。
行政院主計處
2005 94年度縣市人口概況
http://61.60.106.82/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
2005 94年度縣市財政概況
http://61.60.106.82/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
2006 95年度縣市人口概況
http://61.60.106.82/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
2006 95年度縣市財政概況
1995 Discretionary disclosure and external financing. The Accounting Review 70 (1), 135-150
Gibbins, M., Richardson, A.J. and Waterhouse, J.
1990 The Management of Financial Disclosure: Theory and Perspectives. The Canadian Certified General Accountants’ Research foundation, Vancouver, Canada.
Gordon, T. and Fischer, M.
1990 Reporting performance: Using financial and nonfinancial data. NACUBO Business Officer, July, pp. 28-31
Groff, J. E. and Pitman, M. k.
2004 Municipal Financial Reporting on the World Wide Web : A Survey of Financial Data Displayed on the Official Websites of the 100 Largest U. S. Municipalities. Journal of Government Financial Management Summer, pp.20-30.
Grossman, S.
1981 The informational role of warranties and private disclosure about product quality. Journal of Law and Economics (24), pp. 460-483.
Grossman, S. J. and Hart, O. D.
http://61.60.106.82/pxweb/Dialog/statfile9.asp
1980 Disclosure laws and takeover bids. Journal of Finance(35), pp.323-334.
Hansmann, H.B.
1986 The Role of Nonprofit Enterprise. The Economics of Nonprofit Institutions: Studies in Structure and Policy, ed., Susan Rose-Ackerman. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 57-84
Healy, P. M. and Palepu, K. G.
2001 Information asymmetry, corporate disclosure, and the capital market : A review of the empirical disclosure literature, Journal of Accounting and Economics (31), pp.405-440.
Huang, C. J. and Choa, M. H.
2001 Managing WWW in public administration : Uses and misuses. Government Information Quarterly 18(4), pp.357-373.
IASC
1999 Business Reporting on the Internet. International Accounting Standards Committee, London.
Jensen, R. and Xiao, J. Z.
內政部統計資訊服務網
2001 Customized financial reporting, networked databases and distributed file sharing. Accounting Horizons 15(3), pp.202-222.
Jovanovic, B.
1982 Truthful disclosure of information. Bell Journal of Economics (13), pp.36-44.
Keating, E. K., Frumkin, P.
2001 How to Assess Nonprofit Financial Performance?
Laswad, F., Fisher, R., and Oyelere, P.
2005 Determinants of voluntary Internet financial reporting by local government authorities. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (24), pp. 101-121.
Lee, J.
1987 Accounting infrastructure and economic development. Journal of accounting and Public Policy (6), pp.78-85.
Lev, B. and Penman, S.
2005 94年度縣市人口概況
1990 Voluntary forecast disclosure, nondisclosure, and stock prices. Journal of Accounting Research 28 (1), 49-76.
Lymer, A., Debreceny, R., Gray, G.L., and Rahman, A.
1999 Business reporting on the Internet. International Accounting Standards Committee, London.
Mclvor, R., Mchugh, M., and Cadden C.
2002 Internet technologies : supporting transparency in the public sector. The International Journal of Public Sector Management15(3), pp.170-187.
Michael W. Shelton and Troy Albee
2000 Financial Performance Monitoring and Customer-Oriented Government: A Case Study. Journal of Public Budgeting, Accounting & Financial Management, 12(1), 87-105
Milgrom, P.
1981 Good news and bad news : representation theorems and application. Bell Journal of Economics (12), pp. 380-391.
Nielsen, J.
http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/
2000 Designing Web usability: the practice of simplicity
Niskanen, William A., Jr.
1971 Bureaucracy and Representative Government, Chicago:Aldine-Atherton
Perez, C. C., Hernandez, A. M. L., and Bolivar, M. P, R.
2005 Citizens’ access to on-line governmental financial information : Practices in the European Union countries. Government Information Quarterly (22), pp.258-276.
Saudagaran, S. M. and Diga, J.
1997 Financial reporting in emerging capital markets : characteristics and policy issues. Accounting Horizons 11(2), pp.41-64.
Securities and Exchange Commission(SEC)
2000 Selective disclosure and insider trading. SEC Final Rules release no, 33-7881, Securities and Exchange Commission, Washington, DC.
Shi, Y.
2006 95年度縣市人口概況
2007 The accessibility of Chinese local government Web sites : An exploratory study. Government Information Quarterly (24), pp. 337-403.
Stowers, G..N.L.
1999 Becoming cyberactive: State and local governments on the World Wide Web. Bovernment Information Quarterly, 16(2), 111-127
Tang, Y.
2000 Bumpy road leading to internationalization : A review of accounting development in China. Accounting Horizons 13(1), pp.93-102.
Trites, G.
1999 The Impact of Technology on Financial and Business Reporting. Canadian Institute of Chartered Accountants, Toronto.
Verrecchia, R. E.
1983 Discretionary disclosure. Journal of Accounting and Economics(5), pp. 365-380.
Waymire, G.
http://www.moi.gov.tw/stat/
1985 Earnings volatility and voluntary management forecast disclosure. Journal of Accounting Research 23 (1), 268-295
Wolfe, R.A.
1994 Organizational innovation: Review, critique and suggested research directions. Journal of Management Studies 31(3), 405-431
WWW
1992 Hypertext terms. Available from <http://www, w3, org/terms>.
Xiong, C.
2002 E-Government in China, present and future, Available at : http://egov.alentejodigital.pt/Xiong.pdf
Accessed January 31, 2005.
Xiao, J. Z., Yang H., and Chow C.W.
2004 The determinants and characteristics of voluntary Internet-based disclosures by listed Chinese companies. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy(23), pp.191-2
中央選舉委員會
2005 94年度縣市首長選舉狀況
http://210.69.23.140/cec/cechead.asp
2006 95年度縣市首長選舉狀況
http://210.69.23.140/cec/cechead.asp
聯合知識庫網站
2005 94年度縣市新聞曝光率
http://udndata.com.ezproxy.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8090/library/
2006 95年度縣市新聞曝光率
http://udndata.com.ezproxy.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8090/library/
知識贏家網站
2005 94年度縣市新聞曝光率
http://kmw.ctgin.com.ezproxy.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8090/member/mainie5.asp
2006 95年度縣市新聞曝光率
http://kmw.ctgin.com.ezproxy.lib.nccu.edu.tw:8090/member/mainie5.asp
自由新聞網
2005 94年度縣市之新聞能見度
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/
2006 95年度縣市之新聞能見度
http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/
我的E政府
2007 96年度台灣地方政府組織架構
http://www.gov.tw/Default.aspx?AspxAutoDetectCookieSupport=1
二、英文部分
Ashbaugh, H., Johnstone, K.M. and Warfield, T.
1999 Corporate reporting on the Internet. Accounting Horizons 13(3), pp.241-257.
Ball, R.and Brown, P.
1968 An empirical evaluation of accounting income numbers. Journal of Accounting Research 7(3), 159-178.
Beattie, V.and Pratt, K.
2001 Business reporting : Harnessing the power of the Internet for users. Institute of Chartered Accountants of Scotland, Edinburgh.
Berle, A.A. and Means, G.C.
1932 The modern corporation and private property. The Macmillan Company, New York.
Botosan, C.A.
1997 Disclosure level and the cost of equity capital. The Accounting Review 72(3), 323-350
Broadbent, J. and Laughlin, R.
2003 Control and Legitimation in Government Accountability Processes: The Private Finance Initiative in the UK. Critical perspectives on Accounting, Vol 14, pp. 23-48
Clarkson, P.M., Kao, J.L. and Richardson, G.D.
1994 The voluntary inclusion of forecasts in the MD&A section of annual reports. Contemporary Accounting Research 11 (1), 423-450
Chow, C. W. and Wong-Boren, A
1987 voluntary financial disclosure by Mexican corporations. The Accounting Review 62(3), pp.533-541.
Cohen, S. S.,
2005 The Drive toward Transparency : Enhancing Openness and Accountability. Healthcare Executive 20(4), pp.16-20.
Condit, j. and Fagan, B. D.,
2001 Citizens’ access to on-line state legislative documents. Government Information Quarterly 18(2), pp.105-121.
Condit, j. and Fagan, B. D.,
2004 An accessibility study of state legislative Web sites. Government Information Quarterly 21(1), pp. 65-85.
Cox, C.T.
1985 Further evidence on the representativeness of management earnings forecasts. The Accounting Review 60 (4), 692-701
Craven, B. M. and Marston, C. L.,
1999 Financial reporting on the Internet by leading UK companies. European Accounting Review 8(2), pp.321-333.
Debreceny, R. and Gray, G.L.,
2001 The production and use of semantically rich accounting reports on the Internet : XML and XBRL. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 1(2), pp.47-74.
Debreceny, R., Gray, G.L. and Mock, T.J.,
2001 Financial reporting Web sites : What users want in terms of form and content. The International Journal of Digital Accounting Research 1(1), pp.1-23.
Debreceny, R., Gray, G. L., and Rahman, A.,
2002 The determinants of Internet Financial Reporting. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (21), pp. 371-394.
Dye, R. A.,
1990 Mandatory Versus Voluntary disclosures : The Cases of Financial and Real Externalities. Accounting Review 65(1), pp. 1-24.
Dye, R. A.,
1989 Disclosure of nonproprietary information. Journal of Accounting Research (23), pp. 123-145.
Ebrahim, Alnoor
2003 Accountability in Practice: Mechanisms for NGOs. World Development, 31(5), 813-829
Einhorn, E.,
2007 Voluntary disclosure under uncertainty about the reporting objective. Journal of Accounting and Economics (43), pp. 245-274.
Ettredge, M., Richardson, V. J., and Scholz, S.,
2001 The presentation of financial information at corporate Web sites. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 1(2), pp.149-168.
Ettredge, M., Richardson, V. J., and Scholz, S.,
2002 Dissemination of information for investors at corporate Web sites. Journal of Accounting and Public Policy (21), pp.357-369
Ettredge, M., Richardson, V. J., and Scholz, S.,
2001 The presentation of financial information at corporate Web sites. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems 1(2), pp.149-168.
Eschenfelder, K. R., Beachboard, J. C., McClure, C. R., and Wyman, S. K.,
1997 Assessing U. S. Federal government Web sites. Government Information Quarterly 14(2), pp.173-189.
Ewert, R. and Wagenhofer, A.,
2005 Economic effects of tightening accounting standards to restrict earnings management. The accounting Review (80), pp. 1101-1124.
Fairfield, P.M., Sweeney, R.J. and Yohn, T.L.
1996 Accounting classification and the predictive content of earnings. The Accounting Review 71, 337-356.
FASB
2000 Business Reporting Research Project : Electronic Distribution of Business Information. Financial Accounting Standards Board, Norwalk, CT.
Flack, Ted, Ryan and Christine
2005 Financial Reporting by Australian Nonprofit Organisations : Dilemmas Posed by Government Funders. Australian Journal of Public Administration 64(3), pp.69-77.
Fischer, P. E. and Stocker, P. C.,
2004 Effect of investor speculation on earnings
Frankel, R., McNichols, M. and Wilson, G.P.
描述: 碩士
國立政治大學
財政研究所
95255014
96
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0095255014
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
index.html115 BHTML2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.