論人身自由及遷徙自由之保障----以公法上金錢給付義務之強制執行為中心

Abstract

人民基本權利之保障，無不受到世界各先進國家之重視與積極追求，並以之作為普世價值，及衡量一個國家民主發展的程度。人身自由權與遷徙自由權，為我國憲法所明定之人民基本權利，應予以最大保障，惟仍非不得於合乎憲法第 23 條要件之情形下，對其為必要之限制。\n國家債權之實現與法治國原則之維護，均為國家重大之公益目的。公法上金錢給付義務之履行，攸關國家財政歲收之健全及發展建設之推行，其與全體國民之福祉息息相關。前揭義務之強制執行，即在確保國家債權得以實現，俾能順利完成國家建設或其他行政給付；在法治國家，人民負有守法的義務，對違反守法義務之人民，透過強制執行之程序，達到與其履行前揭義務之相同法律效果，以維護法治國公平正義之原則並建立行政法秩序。\n 行政執行法中有關拘提、管收、暫予留置及限制出境等規定，乃係國家執行機關為追求實現前揭兩大公益目的，所採取限制人民人身自由與遷徙自由之執行措施。在確保人民基本權利之前提下，應如何認定其符合憲法第 23 條之形式要件並通過違憲審查之檢驗，以確實取得該等執行措施之合法性與正當性，為本論文之研究主軸。\n 論文伊始，先介紹公法上金錢給付義務強制執行之實務概況，嗣分別論述：（一）、人身自由與遷徙自由之保障，及對其為限制時之違憲審查。（二）、採取拘提、管收、暫予留置、限制出境等執行措施之相關問題。（三）、人身自由權與遷徙自由權作為基本權利所發揮之功能。最後，基於建構「立法者改善義務」之憲法上理論依據，提出修法建議。

All developed countries in the world pay attention to and pursue to the protection of human rights. It becomes a general value worldwide and it is an index measuring the democracy of a country. The personal freedom and movement freedom are the fundamental human rights stated in the Constitution of our country and they should be protected strictly. However, they still should not violate the restriction stated in Clause 23 in Constitution. \n\nThe realization of creditor`s right of the country and the protection of the law and order of the country are the major items for public benefits. The obligation of payment in Public Law is closely related to the integrity of the national revenue and implementation of the development. It is closely linked to the welfare of all citizens. The coactive execution of the above-stated obligation is to ensure the realization of the right of creditor of the country so that the national development and other administrative payments can be completed smoothly. In the country governed by law, it is the obligation of the citizens to obey the law. If the citizens violate the law, the coactive execution will be conducted in order to achieve the equivalent juridical of the above-stated obligation, and maintain the fair and just principle of the country governed by law and establish the order of administrative law.\n\n Regarding the arrest, detention, temporary detention and departure restriction in administrative executive, it is the execution authority of the country to restrict the personal freedom and movement freedom in order to realize the two major benefits stated above. The main purpose of this thesis is to discuss how the important conditions of violation of Clause 23 of Constitution can be reviewed to obtain the legitimacy and justifiability of those executions under the protection of fundamental human rights. \n\n At the beginning of the thesis, the overview of coactive execution of obligation about payment in Public Law is introduced. It includes: (1) the protection of personal freedom and movement freedom, and the corresponding restriction in accordance with the review of violation of Constitution; (2) the relevant issues for the execution of arrest, detention, temporary detention and departure restriction; (3) the effect of personal freedom and movement freedom on the fundamental rights. Finally, according to the \"obligation of legislator on improvement\" on Constitution, the amendment will be proposed.