悲劇性新聞畫面對觀眾心理衝擊程度之初探

Abstract

如果Alfred Hitchcock的電影會讓觀眾驚聲尖叫，如果喜劇泰斗Charlie Chaplin的戲劇會讓觀眾捧腹大笑；那麼真實的跳樓新聞、真實的滅門血案鏡頭，會不會讓觀眾痛苦難耐？\n\n本篇論文企圖橫跨新聞學與心理學兩大領域，探討影響台灣民眾日常生活至深的電視新聞，其所播放的新聞畫面會帶給觀眾怎樣的心理衝擊？\n\n本研究鎖定兩大主軸，第一、悲劇性新聞是否較中性新聞更易引發觀看者的負向情緒？第二、同樣的悲劇性新聞，若賦與不同的畫面剪輯，是否會導致觀看者出現不同的情緒反應？本研究之結論如下：其一、以新聞類型區分：悲劇性新聞〈跳樓及滅門血案〉和中性新聞同樣不會強烈引發觀看者的負向情緒；有趣的是，當觀看者愈覺得悲劇性新聞帶給其負向情緒，那麼就會愈感到中性新聞所具備的正向情緒；顯見不同類型的新聞會相互影響情緒反應。其二、以新聞畫面區隔：無論是醫院急診室等相關畫面，或直接呈現跳樓及滅門血案的鏡頭，兩者引發的情緒反應並沒有“顯著差異”；僅管差異性不強，但觀看跳樓、血跡鏡頭確確實實會引發較多的負向情緒，尤其看到墜樓鏡頭會特別感到“緊張、害怕”。當然，收看悲劇性新聞不全然是負向情緒表現較為突出，本研究也發現觀看者在正向情緒反應上，顯示出相當“關心、關愛”悲劇性新聞。\n\n至於悲劇性新聞的鏡頭處理與觀眾情緒反應之間的關連性，實驗結果顯示：畫面內容具震憾性、色調明亮、特寫鏡頭、跟拍鏡頭、畫面時間長、具聲音效果者，都會讓人印象深刻。在男女性別研究上，本論文發現不同性別收看悲劇性新聞時會各自站在不同的角色去詮釋新聞：女性會站在弱勢的被害人角度，而男性則易傾向消防員、旁觀者甚或兇嫌的立場來看待此類新聞；思考立場相左，因而產生女性收看悲劇性新聞的負向情緒較男性為強的結果。

If Afred Hitchock’s horror films can make an audience scream out loud, and if Charlie Chaplin’s comedies can make an audience laugh until their stomach hurt, then would real life news footage of people jumping off buildings and bloody murders cause an audience to feel sad? This thesis combines the studies of journalism and psychology to explore how broadcast news psychologically impacts Taiwanese audiences.\n\nThis study focuses on 1) whether tragic news negatively influences viewers` mood more easily than neutral news does; and 2) if the same story edited with different images, causes viewers to feel differently. This study concludes that 1) based on news type: both neutral news and tragic news don`t appear to have a negative effect on viewers. More interestingly, the more that viewers feel that sad or bloody news brings a negative mood, the more they feel that neutral news positively affects their mood. And 2) based on the images types: if images like those of an emergency room are replaced by images of people leaping off buildings, using the same narrative, it doesn`t make viewers feel any more or less negative. What`s notable, however, is that when viewers see images of bloody scenes or of people jumping off buildings, the images still make them feel \"nervous\" or \"afraid.\" On the other hand, this report also finds that viewers feel especially concerned or empathetic towards what is presented in news stories.\n\nAs for how tragedy news images influences views’ mood, this report finds that the event`s emotional impact, the color tone, brightness, close-ups shots, following shots, length of cut and sounds all contribute to the impression the story leaves on the viewer. On the difference between how men and women react to new stories, the statistics show that women will empathize with the victim and men tend to take the viewpoint of the fireman, witness or the suspect. Because men and women think differently, tragedy news stories affect the mood of women more than they affect the mood of men.