從整合理論分析反分裂法對兩岸統一之影響

Abstract

國民政府遷台後，兩岸分治五十幾年是客觀的事實，長期以來各自發展不同的政治體系，經濟行為，意識形態。台灣早期的威權時期，對大陸政策固然保守，大陸方面尤其毛澤東時代更是封閉，兩岸關係在動員戡亂時期是全然隔離，軍事的敵對，影響了經濟、人文的聯繫。兩岸關係解凍後，政治緊張的現象依然存在，國際上互相拉扯，舉世皆知，外交競爭更是激烈。\n二十一世紀開始，中國大陸累積實力，國家生產力大增，經濟發展向前跨越，外貿吸引各國，外匯增加速度實不容小視，不論是和平崛起還是霸權抬頭，已足以影響世局。兩岸關係也因而突顯其重要性，政界、國內學者莫不投入精力研究。\n從整合理論的角度切入，探討兩岸發展，應有其意義。雖然整合理論最初被運用在1950年代，主要涉及對象是二次世界大戰後的歐洲，而南、北韓交流的互動模式來看也頗類似。整合理論具有規範性，它是以國家的統合作為目標，和分裂國家有很大的相似點。\n而中共的反分裂國家法出爐後，引起國際間的關切，儘管事後加以解釋，世界各國大都抱著存疑的態度。我們可以看到「反分裂國家法」對兩岸政治爭議問題，依然沒有理性科學的解構和整合。「反分裂國家法」的訂立，對台灣人民的感情期待與實質認同，究竟是正面的還是負面的，甚或是否直接影響到台灣人民的感情，及是否會產生不利因素？都是非常值得關注問題。\n雖然反分裂國家法橫立兩岸之間，我們是否可以試著從整合理論分析兩岸統合策略及面臨的困難。兩岸關係又具有相當錯綜複雜的特性，分歧問題甚多，如何找出一個平衡點，努力以新的觀念思維和智慧來化解的對立衝突危機，是我們應該深思的。 \n關鍵詞：整合理論、歐盟整合、德國統一、反分裂國家法、兩岸統一

Upon the relocation of the Nationalist Government to Taiwan, the separate governances on both sides of the Taiwan Strait for over fifty years were an objective fact. For decades, different political systems, economic behaviors, and ideologies had been separately developed. For the authoritative period in Taiwan at the early stage, although a conservative stance was instituted by Taiwan on the Cross-Strait policies, it was a much more explicitly closed society on Mainland China during the Mao Tse-Dong Period. The Cross-Strait relations were thoroughly frozen during the Communist Rebellion Period. The military antagonism toward one another had impacted the economic and human contacts. Upon the liberation of the Cross-Strait relations, the unsettling political struggles are still observed to be in existence. The political wrangling between both parties at the global stage is well known by the international community. The diplomatic competitions are even far more severe.\nSince the beginning of the 21st Century, Mainland China has been accumulating competencies and increasing the national productivity profoundly. Many forward strides have been achieved in the economic developments; the foreign trade has attracted other countries, with the foreign reserve increasing at a staggering rate that cannot be easily ignored. Whether China is rising peacefully or as a super power, it is already capable of influencing the world. It has thus projected explicitly the significance of the Cross-Strait relations. Politicians and domestic scholars are unable to not to devote any energy and efforts in this area of discipline.\nInvestigating the Cross-Strait developments from the perspective of the integration theories should be accompanied with the relevant implications. Although the integration theories were initially applied in the 1950’s, with the post-World-War-II Europe as the main entity involved. Further, the interactive exchange model adopted by North and South Koreas also exhibits a certain degree of similarity. The integration theories are characterized by the normality, which positions the integration at the national level as the objective and exhibits points of profound similarity with the secession of the country.\nThe disclosure of the Anti-Secession Law enacted by Communist China caused concerns from the international community. Although further elaborations were instituted afterwards, a majority of the members of the international community still exhibit suspicious attitudes. It is observed that the Anti-Secession Law still lacks the rational scientific deconstruction and integration in the controversial Cross-Strait political issues. Whether the enactment of the Anti-Secession Law, in terms of Taiwanese people’s expectations for and substantial identifications with Mainland China, would indeed be a positive or negative impact or even directly affect the feelings of the Taiwanese people or generate any disadvantageous factor is a relatively critical issue for concern.\nAlthough the Anti-Secession Law has been laid between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, we may consider whether we could attempt to analyze the integration strategies and existing obstacles for both sides of the Taiwan Strait from the perspective of the integration theories. The Cross-Strait relations; moreover, exhibit relatively intertwined, complicated characteristics and myriad issues of difference. How to find a balance point to resolve the standoff, conflicts, and crises by applying the new concepts, thoughts, and wisdom is what we shall consider with profoundness. \nKey Word: Integration Theory, European Union Integration, German Unification, Anti-Secession Law, Unification Across the Taiwan Strait