中韓漢語雙音節詞比較研究 : 以其使用頻率比較為主

Abstract

本論文總共從三個方向研究中韓同形詞彙：其一為從歷史研究找出中韓文化社會與中韓同形詞之間關係及其起源歷史淵源。中韓同形詞產生之重要原因是借詞，而且此借詞產生與當時社會文化情況有緊密之關係。於是從第二章到第四章，從社會變動文化擴散的角度切入研究中韓同形詞。透過此研究，總共找出三大中韓同形詞產生之路徑，如：中國古典文獻、佛教傳播、日本漢字詞擴散。\r\n\r\n 其二為從共時研究找出中韓同形詞後，加以進行同形詞詞義比較及中韓兩國詞頻百分比比較分析。台灣教育部出版《八十七年口語語料調查報告書》蒐集的口語詞彙總共達到22,444個詞，其中雙音節詞有14,470個詞。透過分析結果，總共找出3,303個同形同素同義詞、599個同形同素部分異義詞、171個同形同素異義詞、131中韓相關異形同義詞。本論文以此研究資料，進一步分析比較中韓同形詞頻百分比，了解同一個詞彙在於不同社會中不同的使用情況。而且透過同形同義詞、同形部分異義詞及同形異義詞之間的中韓詞頻百分比比較，亦可知由於中韓之社會、文化及生活之共同點，產生了中韓同形同義詞使用之共同趨勢。\r\n\r\n 其三為找出歷史研究與共時研究之相關性。\r\n本研究先從歷史研究切入中韓同形詞產生的淵源及原因，然後從台灣口語詞彙找出目前所使用之中韓同形詞。透過這兩方面之研究，找出以下相關幾點：\r\n 一、透過目前使用之中韓同形詞詞義比較，找出詞義演變之歷史因素及對詞義演變產生影響之中韓社會特殊情況。\r\n 二、透過中韓同形詞起源的查找，追溯它們的根源及詞彙歷史。\r\n 三、透過日本起源同形同義詞在同形同義詞詞頻排行裡的分散程度，找出詞彙起源與現代實際使用之間的相關處。\r\n 四、透過起源於中國之詞彙的詳細分類，進一步探討目前使用之佛教詞彙與白話詞彙之使用情況及使用原因。\r\n \r\n 結果可了得知關於中韓同形詞的歷史研究與共時研究之相關性。此點都在第五章詳細論述。

A language is an essential tool for human communication and often it is the finest product of a particular society. The lexicon of a certain language, especially loan words, has a close relationship with social changes or cultural exchanges, reflecting political and socio-cultural situations.\r\n\r\n Throughout ancient and modern history, as neighboring nations, China, Korea and Japan have had close relationships through social and cultural exchanges.\r\n\r\n Korea and Japan imported advanced ideas and technology through China before the late 19th century, and among many other elements the Chinese language had had an absolute influence on the Korean and Japanese language systems.\r\n \r\n However, from the late 19th century, while the influence from China dramatically decreased, Japan, which transformed itself to a modern nation-state through Westernization and industrialization, began to exercise power over Korea and China.\r\nThe lexicon of Chinese, Korean and Japanese languages provide remarkable evidence to prove those dynamic socio-cultural exchanges among the tree countries.\r\n\r\n Particularly the Chinese homonyms existing in the lexicon of those three distinctive languages are apparent evidence.\r\n\r\n This paper is divided into three main parts.\r\nFirstly, the birth of loan words resulting from the cultural exchanges between China and Korea is analyzed diachronically. Chinese-originated homonyms are analyzed in terms of their different origins found in Chinese classical literature, Buddhist scriptures and colloquial Chinese. Especially loan words originating from Buddhist scriptures have unique characteristics in contrast to other common loan words. Later in the paper, the origin of the Japanese vocabulary, which influenced Chinese and Korean homonyms, will be looked at.\r\n\r\n Secondly, 4,202 words are selected from the total of 14,470 two-syllable words in Report on Taiwanese Spoken Words Frequency, which was published from a synchronic perspective by Taiwanese Ministry of Education. Those selected words are analyzed and classified into three groups: homonymous synonyms, homonymous words with partial difference in meaning and homographs.\r\n\r\n Thirdly, the words frequency of homonyms, commonly used both in Taiwan and Korea, is analyzed based on A Report on Korean Words Frequency published by Korea University in 2000 as well as A Report on Taiwanese Spoken Words Frequency. Through studies on origins, distribution and relationships between languages in terms of word frequency, historical origins of the vocabulary overlapping in both Chinese and Korean are analyzed in an attempt to combine synchronic and diachronic perspectives.