中華民國務實外交之研究(1988-2000)

Abstract

李登輝總統任內的務實外交是一項引起許多討論的重大政策，這項政策以增加邦交國數目、提升與無邦交國的實質關係為目標，並以高層出訪、經貿活動、參與聯合國為具體的工作項目，十二年間，獲得了相當的成果，但也受到了一些限制。\r\n 高層出訪加強了我國的國際能見度、突顯了我國的國家地位，但出訪非邦交國時，出訪的名義與出訪者的頭銜常需要彈性處理。我國雖與工業先進國家有龐大的雙邊貿易與投資，但這種經貿關係卻很難轉換為正式的外交關係。對外援助能維持一定的邦交國數量，但有些國家游走於兩岸之間，邦誼不甚穩固。參與國際組織是走向國際社會的重要步伐，但目前仍以經濟性的國際組織為限，參與聯合國或聯合國的專門機構，至今只有國際宣傳的效果，尚未排入聯大議程。上述這一切的限制，最大的原因便是中共的打壓。\r\n 本論文以新現實主義為基礎，藉由結構、無政府、自助這些新現實主義的重要概念，並以國際體系、權力、國家利益與安全四個面向來探討中華民國務實外交的成果與限制，並評估其是否為一理性之政策，進而思考我國當前及未來可以努力的外交方向。\r\n 關鍵字：國際關係、新現實主義、務實外交、外交政策

The Pragmatic Diplomacy during Lee Teng-hui`s presidency was an important issue discussed by many people. The Republic of China has tried to build diplomatic relations with more countries, or to strengthen substantial relations with the countries that the diplomatic relations could not be built. In the twelve years, her efforts on the top leaders` visiting foreign countries, the economic operations, and the participating the United Nations were fruitful but restrictive.\r\n The top leaders` visiting foreign countries has lighted the ROC`s visibility in the world, and clarified her statehood, but the top leaders` titles and the reasons of their visits usually needed to be changed to a resilient one. The ROC has kept huge amount in mutual trade and investment with developed countries, yet the economic ties could not be transformed into diplomatic ties. Foreign aids was helpfUl in keeping diplomatic relations with developing countries, but some of them were trying to benefit from both ROC and PRC, instead of keeping a resolute relation with either side. Joining international organizations was an important step toward the international society, however, the ROC has been accepted by economic international organizations only. Her effort on participating the United Nations or it`s specialized agencies was still an international propaganda, instead of a discussion in General Assembly. What was the crucial reason of the restriction of the ROC`s Pragmatic Diplomacy? The People`s \r\nRepulic of China.\r\n Based on the main ideas of neo-realism: structure, anarchy, and self-help, I have tried to interpret the fruits and the restrictions of the ROC`s Pragmatic Diplomacy through four dimensions: international system, power, national interest, and security. I have figured out that Pragmatic Diplomacy was a rational choice, and the possible future diplomatic efforts has also been mentioned at the end of the dissertation.