中國石油能源戰略之研究

Abstract

世界各國的石油能源戰略對中國及臺灣都產生了相對的影響，\n國際石油市場的動盪，進一步強化了各國建立本國石油安全戰略的決\n心和加強了保證石油安全的具體措施。主要能源消費國石油安全戰略\n將不斷完善其能源戰略準備，積極尋求降低海外能源依賴的策略，例\n如美國能源政策的首要任務是減少對國外能源的依賴，並制訂了將對\n中東石油依賴降低75%的具體目標。日本新能源戰略提出，在2030\n年之前，將日本企業在海外自主開採的石油產量從現在占進口量的\n15%提高到40%以上。歐盟則積極尋求加強與阿爾及利亞等周邊能源\n供應國的戰略合作，來推動能源來源多元化，降低對俄能源的依賴。\n各國展開能源的爭奪，增加石油戰略儲備，將使國際油價持續高\n漲，儲油成本提高，也大幅增加中國購油成本，並進一步影響相關產\n業之利潤。國際能源爭奪不利中國供應安全，也已嚴重壓縮台灣於海\n外投資與爭取油氣田的空間與機會。\n2008 年8 月8 日中國成立了國家能源部，石油能源戰略愈趨積\n極靈活，在確立了戰略指導、戰術規劃及戰術執行機構之後，隨即召\n開了首屆全國能源工作會議，顯示中國能源管理體制改革邁出了第一\n步。而中國能源外交政策所進行的「走出去」戰略，已對各世界國形\n成相當顯著的壓迫。中國正加快石油能源戰略的各項作為，藉由合作\n開發原油，使其得以掌握原油資源之控制權，對於台灣原油來源之掌\n握，是否造成衝擊，值得深入評估。

The energy strategies of countries have their respective influences over\nChina and Taiwan. The fluctuations of international oil markets further\nstrengthen the determination of countries to establish their oil security\nstrategies and to beef up solid measure to guarantee oil security. Major\nenergy-consuming countries will continue to improve their strategic energy\nreserves and actively seek a strategy to reduce their reliance on overseas\nenergy. For example, the principle task of the America’s energy policy is to\nreduce reliance on overseas energy. Washington has mapped out a concrete\nobjective of reducing reliance on Middle East oil by 75%. Japan’s new energy\nstrategy stipulates that by 2030, oil produced by Japanese enterprise overseas\nindependently will be raised to take up from 15% to more than 40% of Japan’s\ntotal oil import. In contrast, the EU has sought actively to strengthen strategic\ncooperation with neighboring energy-supplying countries like Algeria in order\nto diversify energy sources while reduce reliance on Russian energy.\nThe scramble for energy and increases in strategic oil reserves will\ncontinue to drive up international oil prices. Rising cost for oil reserves will\nsignificantly raise China’s cost in buying oil and affect the profits of relevant\nindustries. The global scramble for energy is not conductive for China’s supply\nsecurity and seriously compresses Taiwan’s space and opportunity in\noverseas investment and Taiwan’s effort to obtain oil and gas fields.\nChina set up the National Energy Administration In August 8, 2008.\nChina’s oil and energy strategy has become increasingly proactive and flexible.\nFollowing the establishment of strategic guidelines, tactical plans, and\nadministrative structures, China convened its first national energy conference.\nThis indicates China has embarked on the reform of its energy administrative\ninstitution. China’s “going out ” energy diplomacy has created a significant\namount of pressure on countries around the world. China is speeding up\nvarious efforts on energy strategy and seeks to gain control over crude\nresources through cooperation in crude development. Whether China’s action\nwill have an impact on Taiwan’s control over crude resource is worthy of further\nevaluation.