面對後極權情境：漢娜鄂蘭的新政治哲學

Abstract

漢娜鄂蘭是二十世紀極具代表性的哲學家，同時也是一位十分傑出的共和主義理論家，她的政治哲學寫作時期恰好是二次世界大戰結束後，極權主義垮台，冷戰方興未艾，在這段政治局勢高度緊張的時間裡，鄂蘭通過批判和反思來尋求解決現代政治問題的根本途徑，其方法為對於極權主義進行分析和理解，並提出本於共和主義的政治實踐圖像。\n\n 此一理論具體地呈現在《論革命》一書中，鄂蘭在書中透過對於法國大革命和美國革命的重新詮釋以及批判反思來探討革命理論及其共和主義理想，並且藉著對法國大革命的批判重新反思傳統政治哲學的缺陷，同時也藉著對於美國革命的詮釋和讚揚來重申共和主義精神。本論文的主旨即在通過對於《論革命》的重新閱讀來瞭解鄂蘭的新共和主義理論，此一理論面向表現為「權力」和「權威」要素。\n\n藉由耙梳鄂蘭從早期在手稿中形成的相關論點，連接到《論革命》中的理論思考，本論文企圖呈現歷來較少受到關注的鄂蘭理論面向。反思現代政治問題，鄂蘭認為其癥結在於對於政治的錯誤理解以及匱乏的想像，而唯有透過重新梳理古典政治傳統的資源加以去蕪存菁，並融合於現代政治世界，才能對二十世紀的政治問題提供一個較為完善的回答。透過對《論革命》的重新耙梳和理解，我們也在鄂蘭的政治書寫中檢視和借鏡哲學傳統的珍貴資源。

Hannah Arendt is one of the most significant philosophers in the twentieth century, and a remarkable republican. Her writing of political philosophy happened to begin right after the end of World-War II when the Totalitarian just collapsed and the cold war started. In that political situation with high tensions, Arendt tried to find a fundamental approach to solving the modern political problems through criticism and introspection. She was devoted to analyzing and understanding the sources and the structure of Totalitarianism.\n Her theories were fully elaborated in On Revolution. In this book, Arendt explored the revolution theory and its republican ideal by reinterpreting the meaning of French Revolution and the American Revolution. With her reviews of the French Revolution, Arendt re-examined the defects of traditional political philosophy; meanwhile, through the re-evaluation of the American Revolution, she reclaimed the republicanism. \nTherefore, the purpose of the paper aims to understand the Neo-Republicanism theory by rereading Arendt’s On Revolution, with a focus on power and authority. This paper tends to analyze Arendt’s theories less discussed before by the method of combing the arguments in Gauss Manuscript and connecting them to the issues developed in On Revolution. In terms of the modern political problems, Arendt believed that it was for the misunderstanding of politics and the lack of imagination. Only through rearranging the sources of traditional philosophical thoughts and integrating its essence with the modern world can a philosopher provide a better answer to political problems. \n\nKeywords：Totalitarianism、Revolution、Power、Authority