從國防報告書探討我國國防政策之轉變

Abstract

資訊革命伴隨全球化時代的來臨，使得具備跨國性、複雜性的綜合安全議題，成為當代世界各國關注的焦點，同時也改變了過去以戰爭行動做為確保主權國家安全的傳統圖像，此一環境的改變，促使世界各國興起軍事國防轉型的熱潮。\n 中共受到1991年第一次波灣戰爭的啟示，以及藉由改革開放所帶來的經濟成長及綜合國力的提升，加速了其軍事現代化的腳步，對於我國國家安全的威脅更甚以往。我國除了面對國際社會體系變遷及全球化進程所衍生的新安全問題外，來自中共軍事的傳統威脅也日趨嚴峻。\n 在國內方面，受到整體政治環境隨著戒嚴與動員勘亂體制的廢除、黨禁、報禁的開放及透過憲法與法律制度的改革，在80年代逐漸由威權體制朝民主政體發展，進一步促成國防改革的驅動力。綜合上述國際環境、中共軍事威脅及國內政治體制變化，使得我國在國防政策上面臨轉型的重大的挑戰。\n 本研究主要目的，是透過自民國81年起至今發行的10本國防報告書及國、內外有關戰略及國防政策、戰略相關議題的著作、期刊、論文及官方文件的蒐集，藉由國際情勢、兩岸互動以及國內政治環境之變化等面向分析，提供讀者瞭解我國自民國81年以來國防政策的演變歷程與外在因素的關係。\n關鍵字：國防報告書、國防政策、國防轉型

With the coming era of globalization, a revolution of information does not only cause each country in world to place emphasis on addressing the comprehensive and complex issues with regard to the international security but reconstruct the framework of national security which is originally based on the warfare operation. This shifted the relationship among countries and contributed significantly to a trend of reform regarding national defense in each country around the world. \nWhat promoted the PRC’s military modernization are the domestic rapid economic growth and comprehensive national strength that is activated by the reform and open policy. However, this brings a serious threat to national security much more than ever before. Now, not only does our nation have to cope with the problems in globalization as well as power shift of the international society but we also have to confront the conventional military threat form the PRC. \nOn the other hand, the development from an authority system to the democratic polity, which did away with the martial law and established open policy including abolishment of suppression of factions and restrictions on medium, facilitated our national defense system to reform in the 80s. In short, that are those factors with respect to the international relationship, military threats from the PRC, and shits of domestic polity bring the great challenge to our national defense policy while reforming. \nThis paper explored ten national defense reports published in 1992 to date, and speculated works, journals and theses regarding discussion over national defense policy and strategy and the collections of official documents, so as to have readers comprehend the relations between the process of NDP reform and some outside factors. This research is based on the data analysis in 1992 to date within the realm of international circumstance, interactions across straight, and the shift in domestic policy.\nKey words: national defence report, national defence policy (NDP), national defence reform