九○年代以來中國大陸高等教育改革之研究—兼論台灣相關議題－WTO對大陸高等教育影響之研究—兼論台灣相關議題(I)

Abstract

本研究主要著眼在隨著「全球化」(Globalization)趨勢不斷地快速蔓延下，教育的腳步也跟著經貿的步伐，跨步向前；值此之際，海峽兩岸已於二○○二年初完成加入世界貿易組織(World Trade Organization, WTO)，成為正式會員，對於經濟、貿易等各方面勢將造成相當程度的影響，尤其在教育方面的影響亦頗為深遠，不論在高等教育的法令、規章、辦學體制及人才培養的方向，甚或開放高等教育市場上，皆產生相當的影響。根據許多研究指出，WTO 在大陸高等教育產生的影響方面，包括：(1)大學學費將上漲；(2)高校教師待遇提高；(3)跨國公司聯合辦學；(4)智慧財產權受到保障；(5)經濟人才需求量增加；(6)促使大陸留學生回國潮...等。而大陸的高等教育方面目前的因應措施則包括：(1)適度開放大陸高等教育市場；(2)政府機構轉換職能，改善教育環境；(3)擴大高等教育辦學自主權，增強高等教育國際適應性；(4)改革學校內部體制，提高教育服務品質；(5)發展經貿教育，提昇經貿人才素質及(6)修改大陸相關教育法規以符合加入WTO 之承諾條文等。有鑑於此，本研究主要在探討大陸加入WTO 之後，對高等教育的影響情形，包括：開放高校辦學的程度與種類；高教相關法規的訂定與修正；跨國辦學的模式、學歷認證的可能、以及留學方式改變的相關議題。本研究將透過文獻分析法、調查法及比較法等方式進行資料蒐集，預期將達成以下目標：(1)瞭解及掌握九○年代以來大陸高等教育在全球化、市場化及大眾化等趨勢下的改革政策與實際作法。(2)評估大陸加入WTO 之後，其高等教育的開放及因應措施。(3)提供台灣加入WTO 之後高教改革方向之建議。(4)為台灣今後的有關大陸教育政策(如：學歷採認政策)提供新的思維。(5)期望能重新建構未來兩岸教育交流之新模式。

The attempt of accession to the WTO has become very crucial among the PRC & ROC government policies since last decade. The whole process has accumulated a large body of literature on its impacts and influences on commercial trades and in services except in the education sector. The relationships between the accession tothe WTO and its impacts on higher education market have brought a great deal of societal concerns especially in the era of higher education reform. With the PRC and ROC`s commitment after the accession to the WTO, issues such as how to open their education market, how to regulate their higher educational institutions and what impact the WTO treaties will have on education sectors for both sides of the Taiwan Straight require further investigation. The research project, therefore, will examine the PRC higher education opening policies and practices before and after accession to the WTO through extensive literature review and field study. It is hoped that through a comparative analysis between the PRC and ROC higher education reform since the 1990`s and especially after accession to the WTO, the researcher will be able to propose some recommendations and implications for Taiwan`s future adjustments and strategies on re-constructing her higher education system.