以電腦化生理回饋系統驗證靜坐冥想訓練對兒童之生理反應及注意力之影響

Abstract

本研究旨在以電腦化生理回饋系統驗證靜坐/冥想訓練對兒童之生理反應及注意力之影響。具體而言，本研究欲瞭解：(1)靜坐訓練對兒童生理反應之影響。(2)靜坐訓練對兒童注意力之影響。本研究採2（靜坐組-控制組）*2（前測-後測）二因子混合設計，以瞭解靜坐組與控制組在前-後測上之各依變項的差異情形。依變項為：(1)生理反應，包括腦波、膚電。(2)注意力。本研究之受試為44名國小五、六年級的學生，承法鼓山協助，靜坐組施予四天三夜的靜坐訓練，控制組則否，兩組人數各半。本研究之工具：一是電腦化生理回饋系統，用以測量生理反應；二是「台大注意力測驗」，用以測量注意力。本研究發現：經訓練後，在生理反應上，靜坐組之腦波與控制組有部分不同，且膚電反應顯著下降；在注意力上，靜坐組與控制組的後測注意力進步程度並無顯著差異。但，將原始的受試分成高注意組與低注意組進一步進行分析，結果發現：高注意組中，靜坐組的後測注意力進步程度顯著高於控制組；但在低注意組中，靜坐組與控制組的後測進步程度沒有顯著差異。

The purposes of this study are stated as follows: 1. to learn physiological reaction in meditation practice. 2. to learn the effect of meditation on child`s attention. The study would be 2 (mediator v.s. non-meditator) * 2(pretest vs. posttest) mixed design. The dependent variables would be 1. physiological reactions, e.g., EEG, skin conductance. 2. attention. Subjects are forty-four 4-grade students, which are divided evenly into a meditator group and non-meditator group. The meditator group would attend a 4-day intensive meditation practice. The nonmeditator group, as a control group, did not receive any training. The instruments used in this study are : 1. computerized bio-feedback system, which is used to measure physical reaction. 2. NTU attention test , which is used to measure attention. It was found that after meditation training, the meditation group shows:1. partly different in EEG from control group. 2. significantly low skin conductance than control group. 3. no difference in a attention test from control group. However, in further analysis that separated all subjects into highattention group and low-attention group by their pre-test scores in the attention test. It shows that : 1. in high-attention group, after meditation practice, the meditator-group has significant improvement in their attention ability than the control-group. 2. in lowattention group, there is no significant difference between the meditator group and non-meditator group after meditation.