Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:
https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/49189| 題名: | Usability of e-government Taipei city web accessibility for the visually impaired persons (blind) | 作者: | 吳怡玉 Goh, Yi Yee |
貢獻者: | 關尚仁 Kwan, Shang Ren 吳怡玉 Goh, Yi Yee |
關鍵詞: | 無障礙 Web accessibility |
日期: | 2009 | 上傳時間: | 7-Dec-2010 | 摘要: | Usability of E-government Taipei City Web Accessibility for the Visually Impaired Persons (Blind)\nBy\nYi Yee Goh \nThis is an empirical research on e-government web accessibility exclusively for visual impaired persons, in particular for blind people in Taipei, Taiwan. Universal access is an important telecommunication concept in the information age, aiming to eliminate the digital divide. Persons with disabilities are one of the most disadvantaged groups that suffer from the digital divide. Web accessibility for this group therefore is important in the discussion of universal access. Although there has been a growing concern in related studies in the fields of web technologies, policies and end users, still, the difficulties for disabled persons, especially for visually impaired persons, remains. Narrowing down the focus to the usability of web content, with the evaluation tools of the International Web Accessibility guidelines on Web design, this paper suggests what the web designers of e-government city websites, should attend to when designing Web pages which in turn could be presented as a model for the other websites. The purpose of the present study is to determine the implementation of the guidelines to web content and what criteria might be missing from the international guidelines when websites are designed for Taiwanese Internet users. \n\nKeywords: Web accessibility | 參考文獻: | Abou-Zahra, S. (2008).Web accessibility evaluation. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Human-computer interaction series (pp. 79-105). Manchester, London: Springer. Abramson, M.A., & Morin, T.L. (2003). E-Government: A Progress Report. In E-Government 2003, Eds, Abramson, M.A. & Moran, T.L. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham, Maryland. Adam, A., & Kreps, D. (2006). Enabling or disabling technologies? A critical approach to web accessibility. Information Technology & People, 19 (3), 203-218. American Library Association. (2004). Information Access for People with Disabilities. Library Technology Reports, 40(3), 10-31. Babu, R. (2009). Developing an understanding of the nature of accessibility and usability problems blind students face in web-enhanced Instruction Environment. AMCIS 2009 doctoral consortium (pp.12). Retrieved June 9, 2010, from Web site: http://aisel.aisnet.org/amcis2009_dc/12 Becker, A. (2004). Digital government. In H.Chen, L. Brandt, V. Gregg, R. Traunmüller, S. Dawes, E. Hovy, A. Macintosh & C.A.Larson (Eds.), Accessibility of federal electronic government (pp. -). US: Springer. Berry, J. (1999). Apart or a part? Access to the Internet by visually impaired and blind people, with particular emphasis on assistive technology and use perceptions. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from Rochester Institute of Technology Web site: http://www.rit.edu/~easi/itd/itdv06n3/article2.htm Bertot, J.C., & Jaeger, P.T. (2006). User-centered e-government: Challenges and benefits for government Web sites. Government Information Quarterly, 23, editorial, 163-168. Bowe, F. G. (1993). Access to the information age: Fundamental decisions in telecommunications policy. Policy Studies Journal, 21(4), 765–774. Brown & Steven E. (1996). Disability Culture: A Fact Sheet. (Las Cruces, NM: Institute on Disability Culture, 1996). [Internet publication] Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.independentliving.org/docs3/brown96a.html Center for Democracy & Technology of World Bank (CDT). (2002). The e-government handbook for developing countries. [Handbook]. Washington: CDT. Chisholm, W. A. and Henry, S. L. (2005). Interdependent components of web accessibility. Proceedings of the 2005 International Cross-Disciplinary Workshop on Web Accessibility (W4A), pp. 31–37,Chiba, Japan,ACMPress Retrieved February 13, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1061811.1061818 Chou, J.R., & Hsiao S. (2006). A usability study on human–computer interface for middle-aged learners. Computers in Human Behavior. 23(4), 2040-2063. Choudrie, J., & Ghinea, G. (2005). Integrated views of e-Government Web Site Usability: Perspectives from users and Web diagnostic tools. In XX(Eds.), Electronic government (pp. 318-333). XX: Inderscience. Cunha, A.M., & Costa, P.M. (2004). Towards key business process for e-government. In W. Lamersdorf., V. Tschammer., & S. Amarger (Eds.), IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, Building the E-Service Society: E-Commerce, E-Business, and E-Government, 146 (pp. 3-21). Boston: Springer. Cylke, F.K., Moodie, M. M., & Fistick, R. E. (2007). Serving the blind and physically handicapped in the United States of America. Library Trends: 55, 4, 796-808. Disabilities Dissolve on the Internet. (2006, October 26). [Online] Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://websitesource.com/articles/web-hosting-news/disabilities-on-the-internet/ Definition of ‘disability’ under the Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) (2006, May 1). London: Directgov. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/RightsAndObligations/DisabilityRights/DG_4001069 The Disability Rights Commission [DRC] survey, ( 2004). The Web: Access and Inclusion for Disabled People. Disability Rights Commission, 56. Electronic information of The Disability Discrimination Act by the Website of the UK government. (2009, November 9). London: Directgov. Retrieved November 27, 2009 from the World Wide Web: http://www.direct.gov.uk/en/DisabledPeople/RightsAndObligations/DisabilityRights/DG_4001068 Fink, C., Mattoo, A., & Rathindran, R. (2002). An assessment of telecommunications reform in developing countries.Working Paper. World Bank, Washington, DC. Fu, H.L., & Cullen, R. (Eds.). (1996). Media Law in the PRC. Hong Kong: Asia Law & Practice. Gillett, S.E. (2000). Universal service: Defining the policy goal in the age of the Internet. The Information Society, 16, 147-149. Goggin, G., & Newell, C. (2003). Digital disability: the social construction of disability in new media. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. Grimaldi, C., & Goette, T. (1999). The Internet and the independence of individuals with disabilities. Internet Research, 9:4, 272-280. Guo, B., Bricout, J.C., & Huang, J. (2005). A common open space or a digital divide? A social model perspective on the online disability community in China. Disability and Society, 20:49-66. Hargittai, E. (2002). Second level digital divide: Differences in people’s online skills Retrieved February 13, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://chnm.gmu.edu/digitalhistory/links/pdf/introduction/0.26c.pdf Hansen, E.G., Mislevy, R. J. , Steinberg, L.S., Lee, M.J., & Forer, D.C. (2005). Accessibility of tests for individuals with disabilities within a validity framework. System 33, 107–133. Harper, S., & Yesilada, Y. (2008a). Front matter. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Human-computer interaction series (pp. 1-16). Manchester, London: Springer. Harper, S., & Yesilada, Y. (2008b). Web accessibility and guidelines. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Web accessibility: a foundation for research (pp.61-78). London: Springer. Ho, T.K. (2002). Reinventing local governments and the E-Government initiative. Public Administration Review, 62(4), 434−444. Horton, S., & Leventhal, L. (2008). Universal Usability. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Web accessibility: a foundation for research (pp.346-355). London: Springer. Huang, C.J. (2003). Usability of e-government Web sites for people with disabilities. Paper presented at the 36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Huang, J.H., Yang, C., Jin, B.H., & Chiu, H. (2004). Measuring satisfaction with business-to-employee systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 20, 17–35. Huber, W., & Vitouch, P. (2008). Usability and accessibility on the Internet: Effects of accessible web design on usability. In K. Miesenberger et al. (Eds). Computer helping people with special needs. (pp. 482-489). Heidelberg: Springer. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (1996). Human factors aspects of public telecommunication terminals for people with disabilities (No. E.135 (10/95). [Recommendation]. Geneva: ITU. International Telecommunication Union (ITU). (2009). The Information Society Statistical Profiles 2009: Asia and the Pacific (for the ITU World Telecommunication Development Conference 2010 (WTDC-10). Geneva: ITU. Ivory, M.Y., & Hearst. (2001). The state of the art in automating usability evaluation of user interfaces. ACM Comput. 33 (4), 470–516. Jacko, J. A., & Hanson, V. L. (2002). Universal access and inclusion in design. Universal Access in the Information Society, 2, 1-2. Jay, C., Lunn, D., & Michailidou, E. (2008) End user evaluations. In S. Harper & Y. Yesilada (Eds.), Human-computer interaction series (pp. 107-126). Manchester, London: Springer. Jaeger, P. T. (2006). Assessing Section 508 compliance on federal e-government Web sites: A multi-method, user-centered evaluation of accessibility for persons with disabilities. Government Information Quarterly, 23(2), 169-190. Kargaonkar, K. Pradeep, & Lori Wolin, D. (1999). A multivariate analysis of web usage. Journal of Advertising, 53–68. Kaye, B. K., & Johnson, T. J. (2001). A Web for all reasons: The uses and gratifications of Internet resources for political information. Paper presented at the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington DC. Lazar, J., Dudley-Sponaugle, A., & Greenidge, K-D. (2004). Improving web accessibility: a study of webmaster perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior 20, 269–288. Liikanen, (2003). European Commissioner for Enterprise and Information Society, EurActv Network. [Interview]. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.euractiv.com/en/infosociety/erkki-liikanen-european-commissioner-enterprise-information-society/article-117391 Leuthold, S., & Bargas-Avila, J.A., & Opwis, K. (2007). Beyond content accessibility guidelines. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 66, 257-270. Maggipinto, A, & Visconti, E. (2008). E-Government; ICT professionalism and competence; Service Science. In A. Mazzeo, R. Bellini & G. Motta (Eds.), IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 280 (pp. 21-29). Boston: Springer. Mariagrazia, F., Piercarlo, M., Krysnaia, N., Roberto, B., Mirko, C., & Mario, M. (2008). Why is true e-Government still difficult to be achieved? In A. Mazzeo, R. Bellini & G. Motta (Eds.), IFIP International Federation for Information Processing, 280 (pp. 21-29). Boston: Springer. ‘Most websites’ failing disabled. (2006, December 5). British Broadcasting Company (BBC), [Online news]. Retrieved March 25, 2009. from the World Wide Web: http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/technology/6210068.stm Muylle, S., Moenaert, R., & Despontin, M. (2004). The conceptualization and empirical validation of web site user satisfaction. Information & Management, 41 (2), 543-560. O`Donnell, S. (2003). Civil Society Organisations and an Inclusive Information Society in Europe. In B. Cammaerts, L. Van Audenhove, L. Nulens & C. Pauwels (Eds.), Beyond the Digital Divide: Reducing Exclusion, Fostering Inclusion (pp. 127-142). Brussels: VUB Press. Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). (2008). Working with OHCHR: A handbook for NGO (OHCHR Publication No. HR/PUB/06/10). [Handbook]. Geneva: OHCHR Printing Office. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2003). Transforming disability into ability: Policy to promote work and income security for disabled people [Handbook]. Paris. Retrieved December 8, 2007, from the World Wide Web: http://213.253.134.43/oecd/pdfs/browseit/8103021E.PDF Paciello, M. G. (2000). Web accessibility for people with disabilities. Lawrence, Kansas: CMP Books. Paul, S. (2007). A case study of E-governance initiatives in India. The International Information & Library Review, 39, 176-184. Petrie, H., & Kheir, O. (2007). The relationship between accessibility and usability of websites. In CHI ’07: Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human factors in computing systems, pp. 397–406. Pilling, D., Barrett, P., & Floyd, M. (2004). Disabled people and the Internet: Experiences, barriers and opportunities. London: York Publishing. Reddick, C.G. (2004). A two-stage model of e-government growth: Theories and empirical evidence for U.S. cities, Government Information Quarterly, 21: 51–64 Ritchie, H., M.S.W., & Blanck, P. (2003). The promise of the Internet for disability: A study of on-line service and Web site accessibility at Centers for Independent Living. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 21:56. Shi, Y. (2007). The accessibility of Chinese local government Web sites: An exploratory study. Government Information Quarterly, 24, 377-403. Shneiderman, B. & Plaisant, C. (2004). Designing the user interface: Strategies for effective. Human Computer Interaction (4th Edition). Reading, MA: Addison Wesley. Slevin. J. (2000). The Internet and society. Malden: Blackwell Publishers. Sloan, D. (2002). Creating accessible e-learning content, in L. Phipps, A. Sutherland, & J. Seale (Eds.). Access all areas: Disability, technology and learning (pp.35-41). Techdis: York. Solomon, K. (2000). Disability divide. The Industry Standard, 3 July. [Online] Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.thestandard.com/article/0,1902,16236,00.html Stephanidis, C., & Savidis, A. (2001). Universal access in the information society: Methods, tools, and interactive technologies. Universal Access in the Information Society, 1, 40–55. Stowers, G. (2003). The pursuit of excellence. The state of federal Web sites. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.businessofgovernment.org/pdfs/StowersReport0802.pdf The Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA), the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) and the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU). (2007). From exclusion to equality realizing the rights of persons with disabilities: Handbook for Parliamentarians on the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol (OHCHR Publication No. HR/PUB/07/6). [Handbook]. Geneva: OHCHR Printing Office. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/toolaction/ipuhb.pdf The World Bank. (2000). Telecommunications regulation handbook. Module 1 overview of telecommunications regulation (ISBN No. 0-9697178-7-3). [Handbook]. Washington, DC: InfoDev. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.infodev.org/en/Publication.22.html United Nations (1993). Standard rules on the equalization of opportunities for persons with disabilities. Adopted by the United Nations General Assembly, forty-eighth session, resolution 48/96, annex, of 20 December 1993. Geneva: 85th plenary meeting. United Nations Public Administration Network [UN PAN] (2008). e-Government survey 2008: From e-government to connected governance. [Survey]. New York: United Nations. Retrieved Feb 5, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan028607.pdf Ure. (Eds.) (1995). Telecommunications in Asia: Policy, planning and development. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. Valdes, L. (1998). Report on a priority theme: Accessibility on the Internet. Independent Living Institute, June 16. [Online] Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.independentliving.org/docs5/UN-Report-accessibility-on-the-Internet.htm Wallis, J. (2005). The web, accessibility, and inclusion: networked democracy in the United Kingdom. Library Review, 54(8), 479-485. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/0024-2535.htm Wang, L., Bretschneider, S., & Gant, J. (2005). Evaluating Web-based e-government services with a citizen-centric approach, Proceedings of the 38th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2005. Watanabe, T., & Umegaki, M. (2006). Capability survey of Japanese user agents and its impact on web accessibility. Paper presented at the ACM International Conference Proceeding Series; Vol. 134 archive. Proceedings of the 2006 international cross-disciplinary workshop on Web accessibility (W4A): Building the mobile web: rediscovering accessibility? West, D.M., (2000). Assessing e-Government: The Internet, democracy, and service delivery by State and Federal Governments. Wilhelm, A.G. (2004). Digital nation: Toward an inclusive information society. Publication: Cambridge: MIT Press. Wilson, E.J., 2000. Closing the digital divide: An initial review. Internet policy Institute. Retrieved February 13, 2010, from the World Wide Web: http://www.Internetpolicy.org/briefing/ErnestWilson0700.html World Health Organization. (2008, December). What is being done to improve the daily lives of people with disabilities? [Online Q&A]. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.who.int/features/qa/16/en/index.html World Health Organization. (2009, December). Disabilities. [Online Health Topics]. Geneva: WHO. Retrieved March 25, 2009, from the World Wide Web: http://www.who.int/topics/disabilities/en/ Yong, S.L. (2003). E-government in Asia: enabling public service innovation in the 21st century / compiled & edited. Zajicek, M., & Edwards, A. (2004). Universal usability revisited. Interacting with Computers, 6, 403-410. Zaphiris, P., & Kurniawan, S., & Ghiawadwala, M. (2007). A systematic approach to the development of research-based web design guidelines for older people. Univ Access Inf Soc, 6, 59-75. Zimmerman, D. E., & Muraski, M. L. (1995). Usability testing-Dan evaluation technique. The elements of information gathering. A guide for technical communicators, scientists and engineers. Phoenix, AZ: Oryx Press, 173. Zviran, M., Glezer, C., & Avni, I. (2006). User satisfaction from commercial web sites: The effect of design and use. Information & Management, 43 (2), 157-178. |
描述: | 碩士 國立政治大學 國際傳播英語碩士學位學程(IMICS) 95461011 98 |
資料來源: | http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0954610112 | 資料類型: | thesis |
| Appears in Collections: | 學位論文 |
Show full item record
Google ScholarTM
Check
Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.