黎巴嫩真主黨(Hezbollah)之運動：現代什葉(Shi`ite)伊斯蘭原教旨主義(Salafism)的探討

Abstract

中東伊斯蘭世界從十八世紀遭到西方殖民與帝國主義的侵襲之後，穆斯林在政治和宗教上都遭受到了巨大的衝擊，特別是伊斯蘭傳統中政教合一的體制。在西方的民主主義與民族國家成為中東地區主要的政治型態後，穆斯林本身並未享受到民主政府所帶來的優點，反而深受其害。因此，穆斯林便希望回到傳統的體制當中，恢復穆斯林社群光榮的歷史，也促使了伊斯蘭原教旨主義的產生。在穆斯林社群中，大致上可分為順尼與什葉，兩者雖然在政治與宗教的思想上有相同之處，但是也有許多不同的特點。因此本論文主先以什葉伊斯蘭原教旨主義為研究的對象，討論什葉伊斯蘭原教旨主義發展的歷史與影響。\n其次，黎巴嫩真主黨是受到什葉伊斯蘭原教旨主義而出現的政教組織，亦成為今日黎巴嫩境內一合法的政黨。雖然將黎巴嫩轉變成伊斯蘭國家一直是真主黨所追求的目標，但是真主黨也明白地表示將不會以武力來強迫黎巴嫩的所有人民接受。因此真主黨如何以務實的策略面對黎巴嫩國內與國外政治力量的挑戰，以及如何影響了什葉伊斯蘭原教旨主義的發展，將是本論文探討的重點所在。

Middle East and the Islamic world from the eighteenth century were the invasion of Western Colonialism and Imperialism, Muslims have suffered a huge impact in the sphere of political and religious, particularly in the Islamic tradition of theocratic system. Western democracy and the nation-state to become a major political patterns in the Middle East, the Muslims themselves did not enjoy the advantages of democratic government, but suffer. Therefore, the Muslims would like to return to the traditional system, which, to restore a glorious history of Muslim communities, also contributed to the emergence of Salafism(Islamic fundamentalism). Traditionally, Muslim community generally can be divided into Sunni and Shia. Although both political and religious ideology have in common, but there are many different characteristics. This essay first aims the Shi’i Salafism as the object of study, discusses the history of development and impact of Shi’I Salafism.\nSecond, Hezbollah is a politico-religious organization, its emergence which influenced by Shi’i Salafism, but Hezbollah has become a legitimate political party in Lebanon now. Although making Lebanon into a Islamic state is the object pursued by Hezbollah, but Hezbollah has clearly said it would not use force to compel the people of Lebanon to accept it. Therefore, how to use a pragmatic strategy to face the challenge of political forces which inside and outside of Lebanon by Hezbollah and how it affects the Shiite Salafism will be the focus of this paper.