俄羅斯經濟外交與俄德能源關係之研究

Abstract

本文旨在探討經濟外交理論對俄羅斯外交決策的影響。俄羅斯經濟外交政策主要是積極發展對外的經濟關係，創造對俄羅斯友善的國際環境，希望藉此帶動國內經濟的發展。而在俄羅斯牽涉經濟外交的各領域中，能源的因素尤其重要，由於俄羅斯境內蘊藏豐富的天然資源，尤其是天然氣，因此利用能源做為籌碼的經濟外交政策是俄羅斯對外政策中常見的情況。\n 而俄羅斯的經濟外交政策場域中，本文主要以近鄰和歐洲國家為主，由於許多俄羅斯的近鄰是前蘇聯的加盟共和國，同時也是能源的過境運輸國，因此俄羅斯常利用能源做為手段，藉此影響近鄰的對外政策。而歐洲國家大部份是俄羅斯的主要能源消費國，因此俄羅斯也可利用能源的出口為手段，打進歐洲各國的能源市場，藉此創造對俄羅斯友好的國際環境。\n 其中德國身為俄羅斯在歐洲最大的貿易夥伴，在政治和經濟上面的互動十分頻繁，德國主要從俄羅斯進口石油、天然氣。研究發現德國和其他歐洲國家相比，較為依賴俄羅斯能源的進口，因此給予俄羅斯對德國實行經濟外交戰略時的有效籌碼，特別是在天然氣領域中貿易互動方面，俄羅斯藉由能源公司對德國的能源領域的投資，企圖藉由深入德國的能源市場，進入歐洲的能源貿易體系。

This thesis aims to discuss the Russian economic diplomacy. Russian economic diplomacy mainly focuses on using economic as a leverage to influence other countries policies to Russia with the purpose of creating an amicable international situation, and promoting Russian domestic economic situation. Due to the fact that Russia possesses various natural recourses, energy is the main theme in Russia economic diplomacy, especially natural gas. \n The topic of this study mainly discusses the economic diplomacy relations between Russia with near abroad and Europe. Most of the near abroad countries are former Soviet Union republics and the energy transit countries of Russia as well. As the result, Russia can use energy issue as a tool to sway these countries policies. Additionally, Russia can also utilize energy export to enter the Europe energy market because most of the European countries are the main energy consumer of Russia.\n The study has shown that German is the main political and economical partner of Russia, and is also the biggest trade partner and energy consumer of Russia compared to other countries throughout Europe. Thus, German is strongly dependent on Russia energy export, especially on petroleum and natural gas. This condition benefited Russia by providing a window for Russia to enter Germany energy market in terms of energy enterprise trade and investment to German. Furthermore, by entering German energy market, Russia can enter European energy trading system.