中國大陸外商直接投資與區位選擇之關連性分析 ─以蘇州、杭州、東莞為例

Abstract

中國大陸自1992年起，外商直接投資（FDI）出現快速增長。若以鄧小平1992年南巡發表談話，做為中國大陸外資政策轉變的初始點，迄今已經歷近20年的發展。目前中國大陸正積極走出以往追求經濟「成長」的思維，而改以經濟「發展」為主要考量。中國大陸也自2007年起公佈多項新經濟政策，如調降或取消出口退稅、新勞動合同法，以及兩稅合一等等。而許多研究皆指出，在實施一連串的產業調整政策後，在中國大陸的外商將調整他們的投資方式，以因應可能的成本上升。\n\n對此，在這個時間點研究中國大陸的外商直接投資有其重要性存在。而本論文與過去研究之處在於，針對較少的，且以技術密集產業為主體的城市，做為量化研究對象。透過固定效果模型的估計，主要影響的區位要素有四：勞動力品質、產業聚集程度、政府政策及時間。其中，有趣的是工資率在本論文的數據分析中，並不符合文獻檢閱中，絕大部分研究為顯著的結果。可見雖然中國大陸是以勞動力價格優勢吸引外資前來投資，但在研究上仍有不同的差異，應該按照不同的產業主體分析外商直接投資行為。

Mainland China from 1992, the foreign direct investment (FDI) has had the swift growth. The former China leader- Deng Xiaoping made a statement in 1992 and transformed China’s FDI policy. It has experienced near 20 year development. At present mainland China goes out formerly pursued the “economy growth”, but changes take the “economy development” as the main consideration. Mainland China also announces many new policies from 2007, like the lowering or cancels the tax reimbursement for export, the new law about protecting labors. But many research all pointed out that after implementing a succession of industrial adjustment policy, Firms will adjust their investment in mainland by in accordance to possible cost rise. \n\nThis study has base on fewer samples and these samples possess technical crowded industry as the main body city. By estimation of the fixed-effect model, major essential factor has four: quality of labor force, industrial accumulation, government policy and time. And, what is interesting is the wage rate had not included in essential factors which compared with former researches have a remarkable result. Obviously although mainland China has the comparative advantage in wage to attractive FDI, but we should analyze depend on different industries.