影響夫妻權力關係之因素探討：1996年與2006年比較分析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討不同年代夫妻權力關係之影響因素及改變情形。研究者採用家庭決策模式為指標，以「子女管教及教養」、「家用支出分配」、「購買高價家庭用品」作為重要的測量變項。根據資源論、交換論以及文化規範理論觀點，討論之焦點包括：1.夫妻資源是否影響夫妻權力關係之運作？2.兩性的性別角色態度是否影響夫妻權力關係之運作？並比較兩個年度之差異。\n 研究者利用「台灣地區社會變遷基本調查」第三期第二次家庭組（1996年）及第五期第二次（2006年）家庭組之研究問卷資料進行分析。研究結果發現：\n 1. 家庭決策模式之樣貌：三項家庭決策大多以「共同決定」為主要之模式。然在性別比例及兩個年度比例分配上仍有些微差異。\n 2. 資源差異對夫妻權力關係之影響：已婚兩性之資源差異對家庭決策有部份達到顯著。整體來說，擁有較高資源者，會有助於「決策權力」的增加。\n 3. 性別角色態度對夫妻權力關係之影響：分析檢定結果顯示性別角色態度對於家庭決策模式之作用獲得證實。性別角色態度較傳統者，家庭決策會傾向傳統父權之思維。反之，態度越現代者，家庭決策模式會傾向較平權之模式。\n 4. 1996年及2006年影響夫妻權力關係因素之轉變：夫妻資源之高低以及性別角色態度在兩個年度對家庭決策模式皆有重要的影響力。最大的差異在於2006年女性負責更多的子女管教及教養之決策權，特別反應在高等教育成程度者。在態度方面1996年已婚兩性之態度皆有其影響性，但2006年只有女性的態度對家庭決策模式有作用。\n 最後根據研究結論提出建議，研究者認為除了在鉅視層面持續耕耘兩性平權觀念推廣及宣導外，在職場上真正落實兩性工作平等法保障婦女就業實為重要。

The purpose of this research is to understand the power relationship between husbands and wives, including the factors and the transition during 1996-2006. Researcher adopts family decision-making as an important index. “Children disciplining”, “family expenditure”, and “buying expensive house wares” are the measuring variables. Base on the Resources Theory, the Exchange Theory, and the Theory of Resources in Cultural Context, the main questions of this research are: 1. Do the resources between husbands and wives influence their power relationships? 2. Do the attitude of gender role effects the power relationships of husbands and wives? 3. Is there any transition from 1996 to 2006?\nThe results are as follows.1.Most proportions in 3 items of family decision-making are the Common decision-making model. 2. The resources difference between married both sexes are significant to the family decision-making. The more resources one has, the more power in making decision one has. 3. The attitude of gender role effect the family decision-making. The sex role attitude is more traditional, the family decision-making will favor thought of the traditional patriarchy. Otherwise, the attitude is more modern, the family decision model will favor compares pattern of the equal rights. 4. Both the resources difference and the attitude of gender role are important factors in 1996 and 2006.Compair with 1996, the high level of education female have more power in “Children disciplining” decision-making, and female’s attitude of gender role are more important to family decision-making in 2006.\nAccording to the research conclusion, researcher puts forward the suggestions.