中國大陸製造業外資企業生產效率與技術外溢之探討

Abstract

隨著經濟的全球化，外人直接投資(foreign direct investment)儼然成為國際間技術擴散的主要途徑，技術外溢也成為外人直接投資發生下的重要議題，尤其利用跨國公司的先進技術促進本國生產力的提升，為開發中國家致力於吸引外人直接投資前來投資的強大動機。其中來自港、澳、台地區的資金佔有相當程度的地位，主要原因為地理位置與中國大陸相近、文化相似度高有很大的關係，但隨著中國大陸實施改革開放政策以來，這種狀況開始有所改變，愈來愈多的大型跨國公司前進中國大陸，觀察這十年流入中國大陸的外人直接投資加總，來自香港、日本、美國和韓國的投資金額分別位居一、二、三和四名，故其造成的後續效應不容小覷。\r\n 本研究以中華人民共和國國家統計局進行年度工業企業數據庫的1998-2006年間的製造業廠商資料，利用STATA統計軟體進行橫斷面資料分析，再依照中華人民共和國國家統計局工業分類和黃志聰、高安邦和陳子芸(2003)的分類方法，將中國大陸製造業分成輕工業、重工業、化學工業和高科技產業，研究針對外人直接投資進度中國大陸後，衍生出產業技術外溢效果和生產效率的改變進行討論。

With economic globalization, foreign direct investment has become a major international technology diffusion channels. The spillover effect has become an important topic under foreign direct investment, especially using their advanced technology for productivity upgrade. It is committed to developing countries to attract foreign direct investment a strong incentive to invest. The capital from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan plays an important role in China, mainly because of the highly correlative location, culture and language. The situation has changed accompanied by the implementation of the reform and open policy in China. More and more large multinational enterprises enter China. According to the sum of foreign direct investment of China within a decade, the investment amount from Hong Kong, Japan, America and Korea come in the first, second, third and forth places. Therefore, the upcoming effects cannot be underestimated.\r\n In this study, The manufacturers database of the annual industrial enterprises from National Bureau of Statistics of China in the period of 1998 to 2006 is used for cross-sectional data analysis of STATA statistical software. \r\nAnd then according to the classification of National Bureau of Statistics industry and Huang, Kao and Chen (2003), the manufacturing sector in China is divided into light industry, heavy industry, chemical industry and high-tech industries. This study discusses the change of spillover effects and production efficiency after the entering of foreign direct investment in China.