Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.lib.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/51212
題名: 以競爭智慧觀點支援企業高階主管決策之研究
Assessing the impact of applying competitive intelligence on Taiwan enterprise executives` decision-making support
作者: 尹其言
Yin, Chi Yen
貢獻者: 季延平
Chi, Yan Ping
尹其言
Yin, Chi Yen
關鍵詞: 競爭智慧
高階主管決策支援
組織策略效益
日期: 2010
上傳時間: 5-十月-2011
摘要: 在知識經濟時代,企業高階主管面對競爭環境變化的敏銳洞悉和快速反應顯得至為重要。競爭智慧可以成為企業洞悉競爭對手、增強策略調整和高階主管培養競爭分析能力,贏取競爭優勢的重要方式與工具。本研究以競爭智慧為觀點、彙集學者專家發表之學術文獻與決策支援理論建構一個企業高階主管的決策支援模型,這個模型包括企業高階主管先前知識、競爭智慧過程、競爭智慧產出和企業高階主管決策支援以及組織策略效益五項研究構面。本研究主要貢獻是探討以競爭智慧理論支援企業高階主管決策與組織策略效益的相互關係與影響,為資訊管理領域較少有的研究。本研究使用系統價值鏈為理論框架,建構以競爭智慧支援企業高階主管決策的概念性結構方程式模型,使用驗證性因素分析方法,為組織提升策略效益程度作詳細理論探討與實證研究。實證研究結果顯示,本研究所提出的結構方程式模型具有良好的可行性與合適性。研究結果發現,企業高階主管先前知識、競爭智慧過程和競爭智慧產出三項研究構面對企業高階主管決策支援有顯著影響,可以成為組織策略效益提升的關鍵重要因素。
參考文獻: 一.中文參考文獻
1. 王知津(2005),《競爭情報》,北京:科學技術文獻出版社。
2. 王朝東(1995),“爭議對商業秘密的法律保護”,《現代法學》,1,52-54。
3. 包昌火、趙剛(2005),“競爭情報的崛起-為紀念中國競爭情報專業組織成立十周年而作”,《情報學報》,1,8-10。
4. 包昌火、謝新洲(2003),《競爭對手分析》,北京:華夏出版社。
5. 沈固朝(1996),“競爭情報工作中的法律問題” ,《情報學報》,16(3),224-225。
6. 沈固朝等(2008),《競爭情報的理論與實踐》,北京:科學出版社。
7. 孫希有(2003),《競爭戰略分析方法》,北京:中國金融出版社。
8. 梁定澎(2002),《決策支援系統與企業智慧》,台北:智勝文化事業有限公司。
9. 陳曉萍、徐淑英、樊景立、鄭伯壎(2008),《組織與管理研究的實證方法》,台北:華泰文化事業股份有限公司。
10. 繆其浩(1995),“競爭情報-國外的發展動向及其對我國的影響”,《情報理論與實踐》,1,2-10。
11. 繆其浩(1996),《市場競爭與競爭情報》,北京:軍事醫學科學出版社。
二.英文參考文獻
1. Ahituv, N., Zif, J., and Machlin, I. (1998), “Environmental scanning and information systems in relation to success in introducing new products,” Information and Management, 33(4), pp. 201-211.
2. Alter, S., (2004), “A work system view of DSS in its fourth decade,” Decision Support Systems, 38(3), pp. 319-327.
3. Anderson, J., and Gerbing, D. (1988), “Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommended two-step approach,” Psychological bulletin, 103(3), pp. 411-423.
4. Badr, A., (2003), The role of competitive intelligence in formulating marketing strategy, PhD thesis, Leicester Business School, De Montfort University, Leicester.
5. Badr, A., Madden, E., and Wright, S. (2006), “The contribution of CI to the strategic decision making process: empirical study of the European pharmaceutical industry,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 3(4), pp.15-35.
6. Bagozzi, R.P., and Yi, Y. (1988), “On the evaluation of structural equation models,” Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), pp. 74-94.
7. Barson, D. (2002), “Competitive intelligence returns,” Global Cosmetic Industry, 170(9), pp. 68-70.
8. Belich, T., and Dubinsky, A.J., (1999), “Information processing among exporters: an empirical examination of small firms,” Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 7(4), pp. 45-58.
9. Belkine, M., (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Israel,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(2), pp. 39-53.
10. Bensoussan, B., and Densham, E. (2004), “Australian CI practices: a comparison with the US,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(3), pp. 1-10.
11. Bernhardt, D.C. (1994), “`I want it fast, factual, actionable` - tailoring competitive intelligence to executives` needs,” Long Range Planning, 27(1), pp. 12-24.
12. Betsch, T., Fiedler, K., and Brinkmann, J (1998), “Behavioral routines in decision making: the effects of novelty in task presentation and time pressure on routine maintenance and deviation,” European Journal of Social Psychology, 28(6), pp. 861-878.
13. Blankenship, A.B., Breen G.E., and Dutka A. (1988). State of the art, marketing research, (2nd Ed.), Lincdnwood, IL: NTC Business Books.
14. Bollen, K.A. (1989). Structural equations with latent variables. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
15. Bose, R. (2008), “Competitive intelligence process and tools for intelligence analysis,” Industrial Management and Data Systems, 108(4), pp. 510-528.
16. Brockhoff, K. (1991), “Competitor technology intelligence in German companies,” Industrial Marketing Management, 20(2), pp. 91-98.
17. Brockhoff, K. (1998), “Technology management as part of strategic planning - some empirical results,” R & D Management, 28(3), pp. 129-138.
18. Brown, J. (2001), “No quick ROI from business intelligence: DMR Canada,” from http://www.itbusiness.ca/it/client/en/CDN/News.asp?id=164, 2001.
19. Buchda, S. (2007), “Rulers for business intelligence and competitive intelligence: an overview and evaluation of measurement approaches,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 4(2), pp. 23-54.
20. Calof, J. L. (1997), “So you want to go international? What information do you need and where will you get it?” Competitive Intelligence Review, 8(4), pp. 19-29.
21. Calof, J.L., and Brouard, F. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Canada,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(2), pp. 1-22.
22. Calof, J.L., and Skinner, B. (1998), “Competitive intelligence for government officers: a brave new world,” Optimum, 28(2), pp. 38-42.
23. Calof, J.L., Dishman, P., and University of Ottawa, Faculty of Administration (2002), “The intelligence process: front-end to strategic planning, ” working paper, Faculte d`administration, Universite d`Ottawa.
24. Carlin, S. Womack, A. and Wyckoff, T. (1999), Strategic and tactical competitive intelligence for sales and marketing - consortium benchmarking study - best-practice report, American Productivity & Quality Center.
25. Cartwright, D.L., Boughton, P.D., and Miller, S.W. (1995), “Competitive intelligence systems: relationships to strategic orientation and perceived usefulness,” Journal of Managerial Issues, 7(4), pp. 420-434.
26. Cavalcanti, E. (2005), “The relationship between business intelligence and business success,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 3(1), pp. 6-15.
27. Chaves, H., Canongia, C., Gaspar, A., Maffia, S., and de Nazaré Freitas Pereira, M. (2000), “The potential of competitive intelligence tools for knowledge management: a study of a Brazilian database,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 11(4), pp. 47-56.
28. Chen, H., Chau, M., and Zeng, D. (2002), “CI spider: a tool for competitive intelligence on the web,” Decision Support Systems, 34(1), pp. 1-17.
29. Chin, W.W. (1998a), The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling, In. G.A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern Method for Business Research, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 295-336.
30. Chin, W.W. (1998b), “Issues and opinion on structural equation model,” MIS Quarterly, 22(1), pp. 7-16.
31. Clark, T., Jones, M., and Armstrong, C. (2007), “The dynamic structure of management support systems: theory development, research focus, and direction,” MIS Quarterly, 31(3), pp. 579-615.
32. Coleman, W.D. and Underhill, G.R.D. (1998), Regionalism and global economic integration: Europe, Asia, and the Americas, Routledge.
33. Cronbach, L.J. (1951), “Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests,” Psychometrika, 16(3), pp. 297-334.
34. Culnan, M.J. (1983), “Environmental scanning: the effects of task complexity and source accessibility on information gathering behavior,” Decision Sciences, 14(2), pp. 194-206.
35. Culver, M. (2006), “Using tactical intelligence to help inform strategy,” Strategy and Leadership, 34(6), pp.17-23.
36. Daft, R.L., and Macintosh, N.B. (1981), “A tentative exploration into the amount and equivocality of information processing in organizational work units,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 26(2), pp. 207-224.
37. Daft, R.L., Sormunen, J., and Parks, D. (1988), “Chief executive scanning, environmental characteristics, and company performance: an empirical study,” Strategic Management Journal, 9(2), pp. 123-139.
38. Davenport, T.H., and Prusak, L. (1998), Working knowledge: how organisations manage what they know, Boston: Harvard Business School Press.
39. Davison, L. (2001), “Measuring competitive intelligence effectiveness: insights from the advertising industry,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 12(4), pp. 25-38.
40. De Pelsmacker, P., Muller, M.L., Viviers, W., Saayman, A., Cuyvers, L., and Jegers, M. (2005), “Competitive intelligence practices of South African and Belgian exporters,” Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 23(6), pp. 602-620.
41. Delaney, G.K., and Huselid, H.G. (1996), “Organization results,” The Journal of Business and Industrial Markets, 7(2), pp. 27-35.
42. Dess, G., and Robinson, R. (1984), “Measuring organization performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately-held firm and the conglomerate business unit,” Strategic Management Journal, 5(3), pp. 265-273.
43. DeWitt, M. (1997), Competitive intelligence, competitive advantage, Abacus, MI: Grand Rapids.
44. Dishman, P.L., and Calof, J.L. (2008), “Competitive intelligence: a multiphasic precedent to marketing strategy,” European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), pp. 766-785.
45. Dixit, A. (1989), “Entry and exit decisions under uncertainty,” The Journal of Political Economy, 97(3), pp. 620-638.
46. Doll, W.J., and Torkzadeh, G. (1988), “The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction,” MIS Quarterly, 12(2), pp. 259-274.
47. Doll, W.J., and Torkzadeh, G. (1991), “The measurement of end-user computing satisfaction: theoretical and methodological issues,” MIS Quarterly, 15(1), pp. 5-10.
48. Doll, W.J., and Torkzadeh, G. (1998), “Developing a multidimensional measure of system-use in an organizational context,” Information and Management, 33(4), pp. 171-185.
49. Du Toit, A.S.A. (2003), “Competitive intelligence in the knowledge economy what is in it for South African manufacturing enterprises?” International Journal of Information Management, 23(2), pp. 111-120.
50. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. (2002), Management research: an introduction, (2nd ed.), London: Sage Publications.
51. Ehrlich, C. P. (1998), “A brief CI compliance manual,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 9(1), pp. 28-37.
52. Einhorn, H., and Hogarth, R. (1986), “Decision making under ambiguity,” Journal of Business, 59(4), pp. 225-250.
53. Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989), “Making fast strategic decisions in high-velocity environments,” Academy of Management Journal, 32(3), pp. 543-576.
54. Eisenhardt, K.M., and Zbaracki, M.J. (1992), “Strategic decision making,” Strategic Management Journal, 13(S2), pp. 17-37.
55. Ettorre, B. (1995), “Managing competitive intelligence,” Management Review, 84(10), pp. 15-19.
56. Fahey, L. and King, W. (1977), “Environmental scanning for corporate planning,” Business Horizons, 20(4), pp. 61-71.
57. Fair, W.R. (1966), “The corporate CIA – a prediction of things to come,” Management Science, 12(10), pp. B489-B503.
58. Fehringer, C.S., Hohhof, B., and Johnson, T. (2006), “State of the art competitive intelligence,” Competitive Intelligence Foundation Research Report, Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals, Alexandria, VA.
59. Ferrier, W. (2001), “Navigating the competitive landscape; the drivers and consequences of competitive aggressiveness,” Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), pp.858-877.
60. Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E. (2003), Business and competitive analysis: effective application of new and classic methods, London: FT Press.
61. Fleisher, C.S. and Blenkhorn, D.L. (2001), Managing frontiers in competitive intelligence, CT: Quorum Books.
62. Folsom, D. (1991), “Market intelligence in small business,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 9(2), pp. 16-19.
63. Fornell, C.R., and Larcker, D.F. (1981), “Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error,” Journal of Marketing Research, 18(3), pp. 39-50.
64. Fourie, W. (1998), The relationship between competitive intelligence and company success, Unpublished thesis, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
65. Fransoo, J.C., Wouters, M.J.F., and De Kok, T.G. (2001), “Multi-echelon multi-company inventory planning with limited information exchange,” Journal of the Operational Research Society, 52(7), pp. 830-838.
66. Fuld, L. (1985), Competitive intelligence: How to get it? How to use it? NY: Wiley.
67. Fuld, L. (1995), The new competitor intelligence, NY: Wiley.
68. Fuld, L., and Borska, D. (1995), “What utilities should expect from competitive intelligence,” Public Utilities Fortnightly, 133(5), pp. 21-24.
69. Galbraith, J.R. (1974), “Organization design: an information processing view,” Interfaces, 4(3), pp. 28-36.
70. Gates, B. (1999), “Business @ the speed of thought,” Business Strategy Review, 10(2), pp. 11-18.
71. Gelb, B.D., Saxton, M.J., Zinkhan, G.M., and Albers, N.D. (1991), “Competitive intelligence: insights from executives,” Business Horizons, 34(1), pp. 43-47.
72. Ghoshal, S., and Westney, D.E. (1991), “Organizing competitor analysis systems,” Strategic Management Journal, 12(1), pp. 1-15.
73. Gibbons, P.T., and Prescott, J.E. (1996), “Parallel competitive intelligence processes in organisations,” International Journal of Technology Management, 11(1-2), pp. 162-178.
74. Gieskes, H. (2000), “Competitive intelligence at Lexis-Nexis,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 11(2), pp. 4-11.
75. Gilad, B. (1996), Business blindspots, (2nd ed.), Infonortics Tetbury, England.
76. Gilad, B. and Gilad, T. (1988), The business intelligence system: a new tool for competitive advantage, NY: American Management Association.
77. Glazer, R., and Weiss, A.M. (1993), “Marketing in turbulent environments: decision processes and the time-sensitivity of information,” Journal of Marketing research, 30(4), pp. 509-521.
78. Global Intelligence Alliance, (2005), “Competitive intelligence in large companies-global study,” in GIA White Paper, Global Intelligence Alliance.
79. Global Intelligence Alliance, (2007), “Market intelligence in large companies-global study,” in GIA White Paper, Global Intelligence Alliance.
80. Gordon, I. (1989), Beat the competition! How to use competitive intelligence to develop winning strategies? Oxford: Blackwell.
81. Graef, J.L. (1997), “Using the internet for competitive intelligence: a survey report,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 8(4), pp. 41-47.
82. Greenes, R.A., Tarabar, D.B., Krauss, M., Anderson, G., Wolnik, W.J., Cope, L., Slosser, E., and Hersh, W. (1989), “Knowledge management as a decision support method: a diagnostic workup strategy application,” Computers and Biomedical Research, 22(2), pp. 113-135.
83. Haenlein, M., and Kaplan, A.M. (2004), “A beginner’s guide to partial least squares analysis,” Understanding statistics, 3(4), pp. 283-297.
84. Hair, Jr., J.F., Black, W.C., Babin, B.J., Anderson, R.E., and Tatham, R.L. (2006), Multivariate data analysis, (6th Ed.), Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
85. Hallaq, J. H., and Steirnhorst, K. (1994), “Business intelligence methods - how ethical,” Journal of Business Ethics, 13(10), pp. 787-794.
86. Hannula, M., and Pirttimäki V. (2003), “Business intelligence: empirical study on the top 50 Finnish companies,” Journal of American Academy of Business, 2(2), pp. 593-599.
87. Hawkins, D. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in New Zealand,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(4), pp. 42-52.
88. Haynes, P.J., Becherer, R.C., and Helms, M.M. (1998), “Small and midsized business and Internet use: unrealized potential?” Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 8(3), pp. 229-235.
89. Heath, R. (1996), “Competitive intelligence,” American Demographics, July-Aug. pp. 52-59.
90. Hedin, H. (2004), “Evolution of competitive intelligence in Sweden,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(3), pp. 57-74.
91. Heider, F. (1946), “Attitudes and cognitive organization,” The Journal of Psychology, 21(1), pp. 107-112.
92. Hendrick Jr., L.G. (1996), “Competitive intelligence,” Business and Economic Review, 42(4), pp. 7-10.
93. Herring, J.P. (1996), Measuring the effectiveness of competitive intelligence: accessing & communicating CI’s value to your organization, (2nd Ed.), Alexandria, VA: Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals.
94. Hesford, J.W. (2008), “An empirical investigation of accounting information use in competitive intelligence,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 4(3), pp. 17-49.
95. Hickson, D.J. (1986), Top decisions: strategic decision-making in organization,. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
96. Hirschhorn, L., and Farduhar, K. (1985), “Productivity, technology and the decline of the autonomous professional,” Office: Technology and People, 2(4), pp. 245-265.
97. Hodgkinson, G.P., Bown, N.J., Maule, A.J., Glaister, K.W., and Pearman, A.D. (1999), “Breaking the frame: an analysis of strategic cognition and decision making under uncertainty,” Strategic Management Journal, 20(10), pp. 977-985.
98. Holsapple, C.W., and Singh, M. (2001), “The knowledge chain model: activities for competitiveness. Expert Systems with Applications, 20(1), pp. 77-98.
99. Hovis, J.H. (2000), “CI at Avnet: a bottom-line impact,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 11(3), pp. 5-15.
100. Howard, K. and Sharp, J.A. (1996), The management of a student research project, (2nd Ed.), Aldershot: Gower.
101. Huffman, R.C., and Hegarty, W.H. (1993), “Top management influence on innovations: effects of executive characteristics and social culture,” Journal of Management, 19(3), pp. 549-574.
102. Hwang, M.I. (1994), “Decision making under time pressure: a model for information systems research,” Information and Management, 27(4), pp. 197-203.
103. Iaquinto, A.L., and Fredickson, J.W. (1997), “Top management team agreement about the strategic decision,” Strategic Management Journal, 18(1), pp. 63-75.
104. Isenberg, D.J. (1985), “Research on how senior managers think: implications for designing executive support system,” DDS-85 Transactions, pp. 64-66.
105. Janz, B.D. and Prasarnphanich, P. (2003), “Understanding the antecedents of effective knowledge management: the importance of a knowledge,” Decision Sciences, 34(2), pp. 351-384.
106. Jaworski, B., Macinnis, D., and Kohli, A. (2002), “Generating competitive intelligence in organizations,” Journal of Market - Focused Management, 5(4), pp. 279-307.
107. Judd, C.M., Smith, E.R. and Kidder, L.H. (1991), Research methods in social relations, (6th Ed.), Fort Worth, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers.
108. Kahaner, L. (1996), Competitive intelligence: from black ops to boardrooms – how businesses gather, analyze, and use information to succeed in the global marketplace, NY: Simon & Schuster.
109. Kahneman, D., and Tversky, A. (1979), “Prospect theory: an analysis of decisions under risk,” Econometric, 47(2), pp. 263-292.
110. Kahneman, D., Slovic, P., and Tversky, A. (1982), Judgment under uncertainty: heuristics and biases, Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press.
111. Keegan, W.J. (1974), “Multinational scanning: a study of the information sources utilized by headquarters executives in multinational companies,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 23(3), pp. 411-421.
112. Kemper, H.-G., and Baars, H. (2006), “Business intelligence und competitive intelligence: IT-basierete managementunterstützung und markt-/wettbewerbsorientierte anwendungen,” HMD-Praxis der Wirtschaftsinformatik 247, pp.7-20.
113. Khatri, N., and Ng, H.A. (2000), “The role of intuition in strategic decision mak¬ing,” Human Relations, 5(l), pp. 57-86.
114. Kilmetz, K., and Bridge, R. (1999), “Gauging the returns on investments in competitive intelligence: A three-step analysis for executive decision makers,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 10(1), 1999, pp. 4-11.
115. King, M. (1997), “Corporations take snooping mainstream,” Indianapolis Business Journal, 17(2), pp. 1-4.
116. Kinnear, T.C. and Taylor, J.R. (1995), Marketing research: an applied approach, (5th Ed.), NY: McGraw Hill.
117. Kleindorfer, P.R., Kunreuther, H. and Schoemaker, P.J.H. (1993), Decision sciences: an integrative perspective, Cambridge Univ. Press.
118. Kogan, J.N. (1986), “Information for motivation: a key to executive information systems that translate strategy into results for management,” DSS-86 Transactions, pp. 6-13.
119. Kwangsoo, K., and Seungjin, K. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Korea,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(3), pp. 11-26.
120. Lackman, C., Saban, K., and Lanasa, J. (2000), “The contribution of market intelligence to tactical and strategic business decisions,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 18(1), pp. 6-8.
121. Leedy, P.D. and Ormrod, J.E. (2009), Practical research: planning and design, (9th Ed.), New Jersey: Merrill.
122. Leidner, D.E., and Elam, J.J. (1994), “Executive information systems: their impact on executive decision making,” Journal of Management Information Systems, 10(3), pp. 139-155.
123. Leidner, D.E., and Elam, J.J. (1995), “The impact of executive information systems on organizational design, intelligence, and decision making,” Organization Science, 6(6), pp. 645-664.
124. Likert, R. (1932), “A technique for the measurement of attitudes,” Archives of Psychology, 22(140), pp. 1-55.
125. MacKay, N. (2001), “BI`s success rate has been less than stellar,” Computing Canada, 27(26), pp. 23.
126. Maltz, E., and Kohli, A.K. (1996), “Marketing intelligence dissemination across functional boundaries,” Journal of Marketing Research, 33(1), pp. 47-61.
127. McCarthy, S. (1992), “Gazing at the future of networks: vast flow of information opens many markers for entrepreneurs,” in Washington Post, (22).
128. McCrohan, K. F. (1998), “Competitive intelligence: preparing for the information war,” Long Range Planning, 31(4), pp. 586-593.
129. McDonald, M. (1996), Strategic marketing planning, London: Kogan Page.
130. McGonagle, J.J., and Vella, C.M. (1990), Outsmarting the competition, Naperville, IL: Sourcebooks.
131. McGonagle, J.J., and Vella, C.M. (1998), Protecting your company against competitive intelligence, Westport, CT: Quorum Books.
132. McGonagle, J.J., and Vella, C.M. (2003), The manager’s guide to competitive intelligence, Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.
133. Meadow, C.T., and Yuan W. (1997), “Measuring the impact of information: defining the concepts,” Information Processing and Management, 33(6), pp. 697-714.
134. Menon, A., and Varadarajan, P.R. (1992), “A model of marketing knowledge use within firms,” Journal of Marketing, 56(4), pp. 53-71.
135. Miao, Q., and Liu, L. (2010), “A psychological model of entrepreneurial decision making,” Social Behavior and Personality, 38(3), pp. 357-363.
136. Michaeli, R. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Germany,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(4), pp. 1-6.
137. Mintzberg, H. (1971), “Managerial work: Analysis from observation,” Management Science, 18(2), pp. 97-110.
138. Mintzberg, H. (1973), “Strategy-making in three modes,” California Management Review, 16(2), pp. 44-53.
139. Mintzberg, H., Raisinghani, D. and Thêorét, A. (1976), “The structure of \"unstructured\" decision processes,” Administrative Science Quarterly, 21(4), pp. 246-275.
140. Mittman, B.S., and Moore, J.H. (1984), “Senior management computer use: implication for DSS designs and goals,” DSS-84 Transactions, pp. 42-49.
141. Montgomery, D.B., and Weinberg, C.B. (1979), “Toward strategic intelligence systems,” Journal of Marketing, 43(4), pp. 41-52.
142. Morris, D.J., Ettkin, L.P., and Helms, M.M. (2000), “Issues in the illegal transference of us information technologies,” Information Management and Computer Security, 8(4), pp. 164-172.
143. Nonaka, I., and Takeuchi, H. (1995), The knowledge creating company: how Japanese companies create the dynamics of innovation, NY: Oxford University Press.
144. O’Reilly III, C.A. (1980), “Individuals and information overload in organizations: is more necessarily better?” Academy of Management Journal, 23(4), pp. 684-696.
145. Payne, J.W. (1976), “Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: an information search and protocol,” Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), pp. 366-387.
146. Porter, M.E. (1980), Competitive strategy: techniques of analyzing industries and competitors, NY: The Free Press.
147. Prescott, J.E. (1995), “The evolution of competitive intelligence,” International Review of Strategic Management, 6(1), pp. 37-56.
148. Prescott, J.E., and Bhardwaj, G. (1995), “Competitive intelligence practices: a survey,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 6(2), pp. 4-14.
149. Prescott, J.E., and Grant, J.H. (1988), “A manager’s guide for evaluating competitive analysis techniques,” Interfaces, 18(3), pp. 10-22.
150. Prescott, J.E., and Miller, S.H. (2001), Lessons from the trenches, proven strategies in competitive intelligence, Society of Competitive Intelligence Professionals, NY: John Wiley & Sons.
151. Prescott, J.E., and Smith, D.C. (1987), “A project-based approach to competitive analysis,” Strategic Management Journal, 8(5), pp. 411-423.
152. Richardson, L., and Luchsinger, V. (2007), “Strategic marketing implications in competitive intelligence and the economic espionage,” Journal of Global Business, 1(2), pp. 41-45.
153. Ringle, C.M., Wende, S., and Will, A. (2005), “Smart PLS 2.0 M3,” http://www.smartpls.de/forum, (Retrieved Sept. 2010).
154. Roitner, A., (2008), Competitive intelligence in austria: an empirical study, Unpublished thesis, Universität Wien, Austria.
155. Roth, K. (1995), “Managing international interdependence: CEO characteristics in a resource-based framework,” Academy of Management Journal, 38(1), pp. 200-231.
156. Saayman, A., Pienaar, J., de Pelsmacker, P., Viviers, W., Cuyvers, L., Muller, M.-L., and Jegers, M. (2008), “Competitive intelligence: construct exploration, validation and equivalence,” Aslib Proceedings: New Information Perspectives, 60(4), pp. 383-411.
157. Sambamurthy, V., and Chin, W.W. (1994), “The effects of group attitudes toward alternative GDSS designs on the decision-making performance of computer-supported groups,” Decision Science, 25(2), pp. 215-241.
158. Sammon, W. Kurland, M. and Spitalnic, R. (1984), Business competitor intelligence, NY: John Wiley & Sons
159. Sarantakos, S. (2005), Social research, (3rd Ed.), Basingstoke: Palgrave.
160. Sauter, V.L. and Free, D. (2005), “Competitive intelligence systems: qualitative DSS for strategic decision making,” ACM SIGMIS Database, 36(2), pp. 43-57.
161. Sawka, K. (2000), “Are we valuable?” Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 3(2), pp. 53-54.
162. Sawka, K.A., Francis, D.B., and Herring, J.P. (1995), “Evaluating business intelligence systems: how does your company rate?” Competitive Intelligence Review, 6(4), pp. 22-25.
163. Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R. (2006), Research methods for business: a skill building approach, (5th Ed.), New York: John Wiley & Sons.
164. Shane, S. (2000), “Prior knowledge and the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunity,” Organization Science, 11(4), pp. 448-469.
165. Simon, H.A. (1950), “Administrative behaviour,” Australian Journal of Public Administration, 9(1), pp. 241-245.
166. Simon, H.A. (1959), “Theories of decision-making in economics and behavioral science,” The American Economic Review, 49(3), pp. 253-283.
167. Simon, H.A. (1979), “Rational decision making in business organizations,” The American Economic Review, 69(4), pp. 493-513.
168. Simon, H.A. (1987), “Making management decisions: the role of intuition and emotion,” The Academy of Management Executive, 1(1), pp. 57-64.
169. Simon, H.A. (1995), “Organizations and markets,” Journal of public administration research and theory, 5(3), pp. 273-294.
170. Singh, J.V., (1986), “Performance, slack, and risk taking in organizational decision making,” The Academy of Management Journal, 29(3), pp. 562-585.
171. Soh, C., Mah, Q.Y., Gan, F.J., Chew, D., and Reid, E. (1997), “The use of the Internet for business: the experience of early adopters in Singapore,” Internet Research: Electronic Networking Applications and Policy, 7(3), pp. 217-228.
172. Stanat, R. (1986), “Building a document-based competitive intelligence system,” DSS-86 Transactions, pp. 60-64.
173. Stankeviciute, J., Oržekauskas, P., and Jucevicius, R. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Lithuania,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(4), pp. 32-41.
174. Straub, D.W. (1989), “Validating instruments in MIS research,” MIS Quarterly, 13(2), pp. 147-170.
175. Subramanian, R. and IsHak, S. (1998), “Competitor analysis practices of US companies: an empirical investigation,” Management International Review, 38(1), pp. 7-23.
176. Sugasawa, Y. (2004), “The current state of competitive intelligence activities and competitive awareness in Japanese businesses,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(4), pp. 7-31.
177. Tao, Q., and Prescott, J. (2000), “China: competitive intelligence practices in an emerging market environment,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 11(4), pp. 65–78.
178. Tena, M.J., and Comai, A. (2004), “Competitive intelligence in Spain: a situational appraisal,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(3), pp. 46-56.
179. Teo, T. (2000), “Using the internet for competitive intelligence in Singapore,\" Competitive Intelligence Review, 11(2), pp. 61-70.
180. Teo, T. and Choo, W.T. (2001), “Assessing the impact of using the internet for competitive intelligence,” Information and Management, 39(1), pp. 67-83.
181. Tippins, M.J., and Sohi, R.S. (2003), “IT competency and firm performance: is organizational learning a missing link?” Strategic Management Journal, 24(8), pp. 745-761.
182. Torkzadeh, G. and Doll, W.J. (1999), “The development of a tool for measuring the perceived impact of information technology on work,” Omega, 27(3), pp. 327-339.
183. Treviño, L.K., and Weaver, G.R. (1997), “Ethical issues in competitive intelligence practice: consensus, conflicts, and challenges,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 8(1), pp. 61-72.
184. Trochim, W.M.K. and Donnelly, J.P. (2006), The research methods knowledge base, (3rd Ed.), Atomic Dog Publication, OH.
185. Tyson, K.W.M. (1990), Competitor intelligence manual and guide: gathering, analyzing, and using business intelligence, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
186. Vedder, R., Vanecek, M., Guynes, C., and Cappel, J. (1999), “CEO and CIO perspectives on competitive intelligence. Association for computing machinery,” Communications of the ACM, 42(8), pp. 108-116.
187. Venkatraman, N., and Prescott, J.E. (1990), “Environment-strategy coalignment: an empirical test of its performance implications,” Strategic Management Journal, 11(1), pp. 1-23.
188. Venkatraman, N., and Ramanujam, V. (1986), “Measurement of business performance in strategy research: a comparison of approaches,” The Academy of Management Review, 11(4), pp. 801-814.
189. Walle, A.H. (1999), “From marketing research to competitive intelligence: useful generalization or loss of focus?” Management Decision, 37(6), pp. 519-525.
190. Walters, B., and Priem, R. (1999), “Business strategy and CEO intelligence acquisition,” Competitive Intelligence Review, 10(2), pp. 5-22.
191. Walters, B.A., Jiang, J.J., and Klein, G. (2003), “Strategic information and strategic decision making: the EIS/CEO interface in smaller manufacturing companies,” Information and Management, 40(6), pp. 487-495.
192. Wiersema, M.F., and Bantel, K.A. (1992), “Top management team demography and corporate strategic change,” The Academy of Management Journal, 35(1), pp. 91-121.
193. Wilson, P.F., Dell, L.D. and Anderson, G.F. (1993), Root cause analysis: a tool for total quality management, Milwaukee, Wisconsin: American Society for Quality.
194. Wright, S., and Calof, J.L. (2006), “The quest for competitive, business and marketing intelligence - a country comparison of current practices,” European Journal of Marketing, 40(5/6), pp. 453-465.
195. Wright, S., and Pickton, D.W. (1998), “Competitive intelligence in UK firms: a taxonomy of attitude, gathering, use and location type,” in Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Conference, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, July 1998.
196. Wright, S., Badr, A., Weiss, A., and Pickton, D.W. (2004), “Competitive intelligence through UK eyes,” Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 2(2), pp. 69-87.
197. Wright, S., Pickton D.W., and Callow, J.E. (2002), “Competitive intelligence in UK firms: a typology,” Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 20(6), pp. 249-360.
198. Yovovich, B.G. (1997), \"Browsers get peek at rivals’ secrets,” Marketing News, 31(23), pp. 1-6.
199. Zaki, A.S., and Hoffman, R.C. (1988), “Information type and its impact on information dissemination,” Journal of Information Systems Management, 5(2), pp. 71-82.
200. Zinkhan, G.M., and Gelb, B.D. (1985), “Competitive intelligence practices of industrial markers,” Industrial Marketing Management, 14(4), pp. 269-275.
描述: 博士
國立政治大學
資訊管理研究所
97356509
99
資料來源: http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0097356509
資料類型: thesis
Appears in Collections:學位論文

Files in This Item:
File SizeFormat
650901.pdf2.29 MBAdobe PDF2View/Open
Show full item record

Google ScholarTM

Check


Items in DSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated.