台灣的住戶太陽能市場: 障礙, 解決辦法與發展遠景

Abstract

雖然台灣在太陽能PV科技製造業上位居於領先位置，也採取了FIT來推廣太陽能PV及其他再生能源，但是市場的吸收（以及新計畫的完成）至今仍是進展緩慢；因此再生能源在台灣明顯且矛盾的狀況成了本論文的研究動機\n\n為了理解為什麼有這種狀況，本論文採用了兩個廣泛的觀點：\n（一）市場障礙觀點：這個觀點提供了一個簡明的總結；在經濟學上國內太陽能PV的安裝，特別是家用投資者在FIT計劃下考慮電網連接。\n（二）市場轉型觀點：這個觀點確定了影響並降低台灣再生能源市場的因素或是參與者（政府機關或其他相關團體的人員）。\n本論文最後一個章節中提出了可能有助於提高台灣太陽能PV或是其他再生能源的接受度的實用步驟及政策措施。\n\n本研究結果指向複雜且費時的申請手續，反覆修改的相關法令，及設定太低的FIT為至今台灣太陽能PV市場開發成功有限的主要原因。低電價、政府與台電間所發展出的相互依賴狀況以及極力避免破壞現況的密集產業為造成這些狀況的難題。\n\n為了解決這些缺陷，本論文建議立即將FIT上修（至少每千瓦新台幣12.6元）並恢復補貼中小型投資者的資本。削除行政與程序上的障礙是促進在地太陽能PV市場和建立信心的整體方案上非常重要的的一環。論文中的最後一章節提到一個發展框架，並且描述了 一些針對於更棘手並減緩台灣的多元化能源供應問題的可能解決方案。

The motivation for this research stems from an obvious contradiction in Taiwan’s approach to renewable energy – that while Taiwan remains a leading manufacturer of solar photovoltaics (PV) technology, and has adopted a feed-in-tariff (FIT) to promote solar PV and other renewable energies, market uptake (and completion of new projects) has so far been slow. \n\nIn order to understand why, this thesis adopts two broad-based perspectives first identified by the International Energy Agency (IEA): (i) the Market Barriers Perspective provides a concise summary of the economics of domestic solar PV installation in Taiwan, specifically for the small scale (residential) investor contemplating grid connection under the FIT scheme; (ii) the Market Transformation Perspective identifies those factors (or actors) contributing to inertia in the renewable energy market in Taiwan. A final section in this thesis is given over to describing practical steps and policy approaches which may help boost solar PV (and other renewable) capacity in Taiwan. \n\nThe results of this research point to a complicated and time-consuming applications process, repeated changes to relevant legislation, and a FIT which is set too low, as the primary reasons for the limited success to date in developing Taiwan’s small-scale (distributed) solar PV market. These difficulties are compounded by low electricity prices and a mutual dependency that has developed between the government, Taiwan Power, and large energy-intensive industries to avoid any upset to the status quo. \n\nIn order to address these problem areas this thesis recommends immediately revising the FIT upwards (to at least NT$12.6 per kWh) in conjunction with the reinstatement of capital subsidies for small to medium investors. Removing administrative and procedural barriers is likewise deemed essential to fostering growth in the local solar PV market and establishing confidence in overall program. A Developmental Framework in the final section of this thesis describes some potential solutions to the more intractable problems slowing the diversification of Taiwan’s energy supply.