哈伯瑪斯法政哲學之系統闡釋、歷史反思與當前批判的研究

Abstract

本計劃將以當代德國哲學家哈伯瑪斯在法政哲學方面的理論貢獻做為研究的對象。我首先將在第一年的研究計劃中，透過哈伯瑪斯早先發展的「普遍語用學」、「溝通行動理論」與「對話倫理學」，來系統地闡釋他在法政哲學中所提出的「審議民主」、「法律的程序主義典範」與「後民族的憲法愛國主義」這些重要觀念的主要內含與理論基礎；其次，在第二年研究計劃中，我將透過與德國觀念論法哲學、十九世紀新康德與新黑格爾法哲學，以及韋伯法律社會學進行比較的結果，來歷史地反思哈伯瑪斯傾向於康德形式主義法學的重要考慮所在；最後，我將在第三年的計劃中，說明當前在法蘭克福學派第三代的批判理論中，為何他們會普遍地不滿於哈伯瑪斯過於相信理性證成的力量，以及不能接受哈伯瑪斯太過於傾向康德的形式主義，而掀起一股回歸黑格爾法哲學強調脈絡共感、重視承認的鬥爭與要求重建社群團結基礎的倫理性之風潮，以借此來內在地檢驗哈伯瑪斯法政哲學的有效性與限度。

Since the publication of his work: “Between Facts and Norms－Contributions to a Discourse Theory of Law and Democracy”in 1992 J?rgen Habermas’s ideas about “proceduralist paradigm of law”, “deliberative democracy” and “constitutional patriotism”have brought a great impact in the domain of legal and political philosophy. The aims of this research project therefore lies in the discussion of Habermas’s contributions to the studies of philosophy of right. Firstly, in this research project I will explain how Habermas can lay the foundations for his discourse theory of law and democracy through his previously studies of “universal Pragmatics”, “theory of communicative action”and “discourse ethics”. Secondly, I will compare Habermas’s philosophy of right with his forerunner in German Idealism and neo-kantian school of law, so that we can reflect the meaning and characteristic of Habermas’s formalism of law and democracy. Thirdly, with the critique of Habermas’s successor in Frankfurt school I will show the limitation and defect of Habermas’s legal and political philosophy in his overemphasizing the motive power of rational justification.