環境正義視野下的流域治理---石門水庫集水區上游泰雅族部落永續發展策略之行動研究---全球氣候變遷、社區製圖與在地災難管理---以馬里光溪流域泰雅族部落為例(I)

Abstract

全球氣候變遷，造成台灣地區颱風季節瞬間降雨量遽增，而加速土砂大量沖刷進入水庫，造成水資源危機。為了維持水庫水源，石門水庫集水區整治以大量的壩體和水泥工事阻斷野溪上游或邊坡之砂石進入河川主流，這樣的作法固然解決了水庫下游用水問題，但集水區中泰雅族人與河流關係密切的文化生態（cultural ecology）卻備受衝擊。本子計畫的目的是以石門水庫集水區中馬里光溪流域之泰雅族部落為研究地點，以行動研究的取向及原住民社區製圖（indigenous community mapping）的方法，探討部落對環境災害之認定、歸因，並使部落居民在回顧、詮釋其災難經驗後，呈現其災難論述，思考如何因應氣候變遷下之挑戰，並建立在地化的災害管理體系，以期能將集水區中的原住民部落對利害的權衡以及對於災害的知識，整合到治理的目標和手段之中，達成一個合乎環境正義原則的綜合流域治理。

Under the global climate change, the amount of sudden rainfall during the typhoon season increases dramatically in Taiwan. It caused many disasters include the water resource crisis came after the rapidly increased sediment in the reservoirs. In the case of Shih-Men Reservoir, the government set more check dams and hydro-engineering constructions in the upstream watershed to manage the crisis. However, the impacts they brought to the Tayal indigenous community in this area are ignored. Adopting the approach of action-oriented research and the method of indigenous community mapping, this study aims to explore the indigenous discourse of environmental disaster and facilitate the community members to form their strategies in facing the challenges from the bio-physical processes, as well as the social political ones. Ultimately, this project will make suggestions for the building of localized disaster management system so that the indigenous perspectives and interests can be integrated into the watershed management regime and the goal of environmental justice can be achieved.