高齡化與少子化福利國家與照顧政策---家庭照顧者就業與照顧工作共容與永續發展---社區經濟發展促進原住民家庭照顧者就業與照顧工作共容的可能性研究(III)

Abstract

原住民婦女的工作與照顧責任之間的衝突必須回到原住民婦女自身的經驗進行完整的 關照，從個人經驗進行整體結構的分析。其次，如果著眼在已經在正式勞動體系中的婦 女，將會自動排除因為勞動市場對照顧工作歧視而無法進入的婦女的經驗。實踐經驗 中，社區經濟發展已經成為原住民經濟發展的重要路徑。因此，我們將已在台灣以原住 民婦女為主的社區經濟發展方案為深入調查的場域，以這些原本被勞動是場所排除的婦 女是如何透過社區經濟發展的機制而重新返回職場，同時兼顧照顧責任。本研究以原住 民婦女參與、以照顧工作為主的社區經濟發展方案經驗為主，希望達到以下目的： 1. 以原住民婦女為立基點，紀錄與整理基層原住民婦女的生活經驗，試圖勾勒原住民 婦女所經驗的工作與照顧，並探索背後形成的社會歷史條件； 2. 透過不同原住民社區經濟發展場域的比較，探索原住民婦女在地實踐所形成的行動 知識； 3. 歸納基層原住民婦女在社區經濟發展工作中所運用的原住民傳統知識，並探討其社 會政策的意涵，與現有社會政策進行對話。 本研究為三年期研究的第三年，以兩個不同原住民婦女社區經濟發展組織的婦女為研究 對象，分別以以台北縣一處由原住民婦女自發組織的社區幼兒照顧場所以及屏東縣一處 排灣族部落婦女染布工作坊為研究場域。選擇這兩個場域的原則是以經驗的差異性來達 到資料的豐富性。 至於婦女的選擇原則將採取婦女自願的原則進行普遍性徵求，在徵得機構同意後， 研究者將進入田野以蹲點方式參與組織的日常運作，以參與觀察的方式進行記錄，與婦 女建立信任關係。隨著關係建立後，在逐步邀請進行深度訪談。讓研究者貼近受訪者 的世界。

Integrating care and work through community economic development: The experiences of indigenous people Background The disadvantaged status of Indigenous people in Taiwan is demonstrated by their higher unemployment, shorter life expectancy, and lower education level. Aboriginal women are double disadvantaged for their gender and race status in entering labor market. Instead of modifying current labor market, community economic development has been accepted by indigenous leaders in North America, Australia, New Zealand, as the development theory of Aboriginal communities. Community economic development means to create a business with social purpose that provides jobs for people who are marginalized from current labor market. Women with care responsibility are among those marginalized groups. Cases of CED for women of family violence and aboriginal women have been experimented and some have been successful in developing into sustainable businesses. These cases provide a focus point to explore the potential of CED as future policy for integrating care responsibility and work in the workplace. Aims of this study How did these women become excluded from labor market? Why were they seen unemployable by employers? How did these CEDs develop their organizational structures and management culture regarding the conflict between care responsibility and work of their employees, so that these women can work? What are the implications of these CED cases for future policy on women’s care responsibility and work? Significance of this study To examine the experiences of struggling between work and care responsibility, we need to look at those who are working and those who are excluded from existing labor market. This study will focus on the latter who were excluded from existing labor market but are able to work again through the CED programs. Using in-depth life history interview, we are able to learn the limits of current labor market practices that excluded carers and the strengths and weakness of CED to accommodate both work and care responsibility. This study is aimed to access CED as a viable policy option. Methods First Year: Literature review of CED and women. Case study of a child care program in Taipei and a textile-weaving company in Pingtung as examples of CED for marginalized women, including victims of family violence, migrant women and aboriginal women. Second Year: Participatory observation of both sites and interviews with key persons related to the programs. Text analysis of both organizations to explicate the ruling apparatus. Comparison between the three cases and discussion of policy implication. Third Year: Cross-case analysis between Taipei and Pintung to examine state policies and cross-national comparative policy analysis (joint with Finland, Britain and Sweden).