國立政治大學法人化可行性法制研究

Abstract

國立大學在目前的法制下，性質上屬於政府機關而並非享有獨立法律人格之法人。雖然大法官380號解釋賦予其大學自治之地位，但由於組織上並非法人，在人事、預算，以及行政監督上，依然受到行政官僚體系的侷限。為擺脫行政體系的牽制，以更自主之方式追求學術目標，遂有「法人化」之建議。\r\n國立大學法人化，需要透過立法創設個別之法人。要說服立法院，在政治上難度較高，且法人化之後是否即能賦予國立大學足夠之自主性，仍應視立法院之意願。而教育部在現行法制下所設計之「大學自主治理試辦方案」，合法性仍有爭議，且試辦成效如何，是否能達成「準法人化」之效果，仍待觀察。\r\n有鑑於此，國立政治大學是否宜爭取「法人化」，應視本校之「目標」，以及政治上可行性。至於是否採行自主治理試辦方案，則建議觀察其他學校試辦成果再做決定。\r\nIn accordance with existing law, national universities are in essence “government agencies”, rather than “corporations” with independent legal personality. Though the Grand Justices Interpretation No. 380 recognizes that universities enjoy “university self-government” status, their personnel, budget and accounting, and administrative supervision are still subject to rigorous bureaucratic control. The suggestion of “corporatization” is for national universities to get rid of bureaucratic intervention and therefore pursue academic freedom via freer method.\r\nTo “corporatize” national universities, special legislation is needed to establish specific legal persons. Political feasibility would be a problem in convincing the Legislature. Whether corporatization could really give the very national university sufficient autonomy still depends upon the Legislature’s willingness. The Ministry of Education designs a “Pilot Program for the University Self-Government” without amending any statute, its legality is nonetheless still doubtful; and whether it may get the goal of “quasi-corporatization” remains to be seen.\r\nThus, whether NCCU is adequate to call for “corporatization” must count on our “goal” and political feasibility. As for whether to adopt the Pilot Program, I suggest to observe and assess other experimenter universities’ performance first.