俄羅斯政治文化與普丁的威權統治

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://ah.nccu.edu.tw/handle/140.119/54260

Title:	俄羅斯政治文化與普丁的威權統治 Russian political culture and Putin's authoritarian rule
Authors:	姜俊廷
Contributors:	林永芳姜俊廷
Keywords:	政治文化民主鞏固威權政體普丁
Date:	2010
Issue Date:	2012-10-30 10:30:43 (UTC+8)
Abstract:	本文研究將政治文化視為一國民主建立與鞏固的關鍵因素，政治文化的適切與否將直接影響民主轉型與鞏固之成敗。藉由回溯俄羅斯的歷史經驗，探討在俄羅斯的政治文化中是否具備有利於民主發展的元素。本文重新檢視在普丁政權的建立與鞏固過程中，強大的國家機器與政治強人實為民意所望，而這樣的民意表徵並不全然來自於短期性的政策改變，而且是根深蒂固於政治文化之中。本文研究發現，現行的俄羅斯民主政體並非真正的民主，甚至可將之歸類為威權政體。尤其在官方思想定調之後，自由競爭與人權大幅倒退，均無損於普丁政權的民意支持。即使俄羅斯的民主招致許多的批辦，但她確實是根據俄國獨特國情所發展而成的。
Reference:	一、中文部份 (一) 專書王玉民，社會科學研究方法理論，台北：紅葉出版社，1994。王謙等譯，David Potter等著，民主化的歷程，台北：韋伯文化，2000。田弘茂等編，鞏固第三波民主，台北：業強，1997。田弘茂等編，新興民主的機遇與挑戰，台北：業強，1997。外交學院俄羅斯研究中心譯，Nikolai Svanidze著，大國思維：梅德維杰夫總統訪談錄，北京：法律出版社，2010。江炳倫，政治文化導論，台北：韋伯文化，2002。李邁先，俄國史，上卷，台北：正中，1969。周雪舫，俄羅斯史，台北：三民，2003。周繼祥，政治學：21世界的觀點，台北：威仕曼文化，2005。吳玉山，共產世界的變遷-四個共黨政權的比較，台北：東大，1995。黃裕美譯，Samuel Huntington著，文明衝突與世界秩序的重建，台北：聯經，1997。唐賢興等譯，Michael McFaul著，俄羅斯未竟的革命：從戈巴契夫到普丁的政治變遷，上海：世紀出版集團，2010。范建中，當代俄羅斯：政治發展過程與對外戰略選擇，北京：時事出版社，2004。郭小麗，俄羅斯的彌賽亞意識，北京：人民出版社，2009。葉至誠，研究方法與論文寫作，台北：商鼎文化，2000。盛杏湲主編，政治學的範圍與方法，台北：五南圖書，2000。張明澍譯，Gabriel A. Almond & Sidney Verba著，公民文化，台北：五南，1996。陳義彥主編，政治學，台北：五南圖書，2006。賀允宜，俄國史，台北：三民，2004。劉向文，俄國政府與政治，台北：五南圖書，2002。劉軍寧譯，Samuel Huntington著，第三波：二十世紀末的民主化浪潮，台北：五南圖書，1994。鄭羽主編，普京時代：2000~2008，北京：經濟管理出版社，2008。鄭羽、龐大彭主編，普京八年：俄羅斯的復興之路(2000~2008)，政治卷，北京：商務印書館，2008。 (二) 期刊、論文王定士，「蘇聯解體後俄羅斯對外政策的克里姆林宮政治因素」，俄羅斯學報，第一期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2001。頁77-80。林永芳，「俄羅斯政黨體系與民主化」，俄羅斯學報，第五期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2006。頁35-40。周尚文，「俄羅斯思想與俄羅斯社會轉型」，俄羅斯學報，第二期，台北：國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所，2002。頁165-180。吳玉山，「解釋俄羅斯的民主倒退」，台灣民主季刊，第六卷，第一期，台北：台灣民主基金會，2009。頁199-205。范建中、徐宜鵬，「俄羅斯的“主權民主”：由來、爭議及前景」，俄羅斯研究，第一百四十六期，上海：俄羅斯研究編輯部，2007。頁5-6。許青芸，「俄羅斯國會之發展剖析」，政治科學論叢，第四十三期，台北：國立台灣大學政治學系，2010。頁119-157。二、英文部分 (一) 專書(Books) Aslund, Anders & Michael McFaul eds., Revolution in Orange: The Origins of Ukriane’s Democratic Breakthrough, Washington, D.C.: Carnegie endowment for international peace, 2006. Brown, Archie, eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984. Bialer, Seweryn, Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Westview: BoulderCo, 1989. Bunce,Valerie, Michael McFaul & Kathryn Stoner-Weiss eds., Democracy and Authoritarianism in the Postcommunist World, New York, N.Y. : Cambridge University Press, 2010. Cook, Linda J., Postcommunist Welfare States: Reform Politics in Russia and Eastern Europe, Ithaca, N.Y. : Cornell University Press, 2007. Dahl, Robert, On Democracy, New Haven, Conn. : Yale University Press, 1998. De Hartog, Leo, Russia and the Mongol Yoke: the History of the Russian Principalities and the Golden Horde 1221-1502, London: British Academic Press, 1996. De Custine, Marquis, Letters from Russia, trans, Robin Buss. eds., Harmondworth: Penguin, 1991. Denton, Jr., Robert E. & Gary C.Woodward, Political Communication in America, London: Praeger, 1998. Fukuyama, Francis, The End of History and the Last Man, New York: Harper, 1993. Hammer, Darrell P., Russian Nationalism and Soviet Politics, London: Westview Press, 1989. Inglehart, Ronald, Modernization and Postmodernization : Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1997. Inglehart, Ronald, Culture shift in advanced industrial society, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1990. Inkeles, Alex & Raymond Bauer, The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1959. Lasswell, Harlod D., “Structure and Function of Communication in Society,” in Lyman Bryson eds., The Communication of Ideas, New York: Harper and Brothers, 1948. Levada,Yu. A. eds., Sovetskiy prostoy chelovek. Opyt sotsial’ nogo portreta na rubezhe 90-kh godov, The Soviet man-on-the-street: An attempt at a social portrait in the early 1990s Moscow: Mirovoy Okean, 1993. Levitsky, Steven & Lucan A. Way, Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War, New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010. Linz, Juan J. & Alfred Stepan, Problems of democratic transition and consolidation : southern Europe, South America, and post-communist Europe, Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996. Likhachev, Dmtrii, Biblioteka literatury drevnei Rusi, Sankt Peterburg: Nauka, 1997. Linz, Juan J. & Seymour M. Lipset & Larry Diamond, Politics in developing countries : comparing experiences with democracy, Boulder: Colo. : L. Rienner Publishers, 1990. McDaniel, Tim, The Agony of the Russian Idea, Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996. Moore, Barrington, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Demaocracy: Lord and Peasant in the making of the Modern World, Boston : Beacon Press, 1966. Millar, James R. eds., Politics, Work, and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Fromer Soviet Citizens, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Mickiewicz, Ellen, Television, Power, and the Public in Russia, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008. Mainwaring, Scott P., Rethinking Party System in the Third Wave of Democratization: The Case of Brazil, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1999. Nordlinger, Eric A., On the Autonomy of the Democratic State, Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993. O'Donnell, Guillermo & Philippe C. Schmitter & Laurence Whitehead eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.. Pipes, Richard, Russian Conservatism and Its Critics: A Study in Political Culture, Yale University Press, 2005. Pye, Lucian W. & Sidney Verba eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965. Pridham, Geoffrey & Tatu Vanhanen eds., Democratization in Eastern Europe:domestic and International Perspectives, London: Routledge, 1994. Putnam, Robert, Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in modern italy, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1993. Przeworski, Adam, Democracy and the Market: political and economic reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York : Cambridge University Press, 1991. Pollack, Detlef, & Jurg Jacobs & Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003. Petro, Nicolai N., The Rebirth of Russian Democracy: An Interpretation of Political Culture, Cambridge, Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1995. Rosenbaum, Walter A., Political Culture, New York: Praeger, 1975. Riha, Thomas, eds., Readings in Russian Civilization, Vol. 2, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969. Riasanovsky, Nicholas, Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825-1855, Berkeley: University of California, 1959. Remington, Thomas, Politics in Russia, New York : Pearson-Longman, 2006. Schumpeter, Joseph, Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy, New York: Harper, 1942. Sorensen, George, Democracy and democratization : processes and prospects in a changing world, Oxford: Westview Press, 1998. Szamuely, Tibor, The Russian Tradition, London: Martin Secker & Warburg, 1974. Seton-Watson, Hugh, The Russian Empire: 1801-1917, New York : Oxford University Press, 1967. Sakwa, Richard, Putin: Russia’s Choice, London: Routledge, 2004. Sakwa, Richard, Russian Politics and Society, New York : Routledge, 2008. Whitefield, Stephen, eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Palgrave Macmillan in association with St Antony's College, Oxford, 2005. White, Stephen, Political Culture and Soviet Politics, London : Macmillan, 1979. White, Stephen & Richard Rose & Lan McAllister, How Russia Votes, Chatham, NJ: Chatham House, 1997. (二) 論文、期刊 (Articles) Atwal, Maya, “Evaluating Nashi’s Sustainability: Autonomy, Agency and Activim”, Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 61, No. 5, 2009, pp.743-747. Almond, Gabriel A., “Comparative Political Systems,” Journal of Politics, Vol. 18, No. 3, 1956, pp.391-409. Brown, Archie, “Political Culture and Democratisation: The Russian Case in Comparative perspective,” in Detlef Pollack, Jurg Jacobs, Olaf Muller & Gert Pickel. eds., Political Culture in Post-Communism Europe: Attitudes in new Democracies, Ashgate: Aldershot, 2003, pp.17-26. Brown, Archie, “Ideology and Political Culture,” in Seweryn Bialer. eds., Politics, Society, and Nationality inside Gorbachev’s Russia, Boulder,Colo: Westview Press, 1989, pp.19-30. Bezezinski, Zbigniew, “Soviet Politics: From the Future to the Past,” in Paul Cocks, Robert V. Daniels & Nancy Whittier Heer. eds., The Dynamics of Soviet Politics, Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1976, pp.70-71. Colton, Timothy & Michael McFaul, “Are Russians undemocratic?,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 18, No. 2, 2002, pp.91-121. Collier, David & Steven Levitsky, “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative research,” World Politics, Vol. 49, No. 3, pp.430-451. Dittmer, Lowell, “Political Culture and Political Symbolism: Toward a Theoretical Synthesis,” World Politics, Vol. 29, No. 4, 1977, pp.552-583. Diamond, Larry & Juan J.Linz & Seymour Lipset, “Democracy in Developing Countries: Facilitating and Obstructing Factors,” Freedom in the world: Political Rights and Civil Liberties, 1987-1988, pp.229-258. Evans, Jr., Alfred B., “Vladimir Putin’s Design for Civil Society,” in Alfred B. Evans, Jr., Laura A. Henry & Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. eds., Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment, New York: M.E.Sharpe, 2006, pp.147-151. Fish, M. Steven, “The Impact of the 1999-2000 Parliamentary and Presidential Elections on Political Party Development,” in Vicki L. Hesli & William M. Reisinger eds., The 1999-2000 Elections in Russia: Their Impact and Legacy, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp.189-190. Goldman, Marshall I., “The Yukos Affairs”, Current History, Vol. 103, No. 675, 2004, p.319-323. Gibson, James & Raymond Duch, “Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union,” The Journal of Politics, Vol. 54, 1992, pp.87-88. Hahn, Jeffrey, “Yaroslavl’Revisited: Assessing Continuity and Change in Russian Political Culture Since 1990,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.150-151 Hahn, Gordon, “Reforming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, p.148-167. Huntington, Samuel, “The West: Unique, Not Universal,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 75, No. 6, 1996, pp.28-46. Holmes, Stephen, “Superpresidentialism and Its Problems,” East European Constitutional Review, Vol. 2-3, Fall 1993/Winter 1994, pp.123-126. Haury, Jakob, “Procopii Caesariensis de de bellis libri V-VIII,” Opera omnia, v.2, vii. 14.22, 1963, pp.70-71. Herd, Graeme P., “Colorful Revolutions and the CIS,” Problem of Post-Communism, vol. 52, No. 2, 2005, pp.3-18. Keenan, Edward, “Muscovite Political Folkways,” Russian Review, Vol. 45, No.2, 1986, pp.164-172. Lukin, Alexander, “Russia’s New Authoritarianism and the Post-Soviet Political Ideal,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol.25, No. 1, 2009, pp.67-71. Lukin, Alexander & Pavel Lukin, “Myths about Russian Political Culture and the Study of Russian History,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.28-35. Linz, Juan J., “Presidential or Parliamentary Democracy: Does it Make a Difference?,” in Juan J. Linz & Arturo Valenzuela. eds., The Failure of Presidential Democracy, Batimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994, pp.6-19. Linz, Juan J., “Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes,” in Fred I. Greenstein & Nelson W. Poisby, eds., Handbook of Political Science, Reading, Mass. : Addison-Wesley Pub., 1975, pp.187-252. Morozov, Viatcheslav, “Modernizing Sovereign Democracy-Russian Political Thinking and the Future of the Reset,” PONARS, Eurasia Policy Memo, No. 130, 2010, pp.1-2. McFaul, Michael & Elina Treyger, “Civil Society,” in Michael McFaul, Nikolai Petrov & Andrei Ryabov. eds., Between Dictatorship and Democracy, Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 2004, p.135-173. McFaul, Michael, “The Electoral System”, in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.61-79. McFaul, Michael, “Transitions from Postcommunism,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 16, No. 2, 2005, pp.5-19. Ordeshook, Peter, “Russia’s Party System: Is Russian Federalism Viable?” Post-soviet Affairs, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1996, pp.195-217. Petrov, Nikolai, “From Managed Democracy to Sovereign Democracy-Putin’s Regime Evolution in 2005,” PONARS, Policy Memo, No. 396, 2005, pp.181-183. Pye, Lucian, “Political Culture,” International Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, vol. 12, 1968, pp.218-225. Rustow, Dankwart, “Transitions to Democracy,” Comparative Politics, Vol. 2, No. 3, 1970, pp.337-363. Richter, James, “Putin and the Public Chamber,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 1, 2009, pp.41-43. Rutland, Peter, “The Oligarchs and Economic Development,” in Stephen K. Wegren & Dale R. Herspring Book. eds., After Putin’s Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain, Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2009, pp.160-164. Remington, Thomas F., “Democracy Governance, and Inequality: Evidence from the Russian Regions,” for Conference on New Frontiers in Political Economy Higher School of Economics and New Economic School, 2008, pp.1-54. Ross, Cameron, “Refroming the Federation,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.161-170. Rose, Richard, “How Floating Parties Frustrate Democratic Accountability: A Supply-Side View of Russia’s Elections,” in Archie Brown. eds., Contemporary Russian Politics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, pp.221-222. Sakwa, Richard, “Partial Adapation and Plitical Culture,” in Stephen Whitefield. eds., Political Culture and Post-Communism, New York: Oxford, 2005, pp.43-63. Schedler, Andreas, “What is Democratic Consolidation?,” Journal of Democracy, Vol. 9, No. 2, 1998, pp.95-175. Slider, Darrell, “Politics in the Regions,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.169-176. Surkov, Vladislav, “Nationalization of the Future,” Russian Studies in Philosophy, Vol. 47, No. 4, 2009, pp.8-21. Tucker, Robert C., “Sovietology and Russian History,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 8, No.3, 1992, pp.175-196. Verba, Sidney, “Comparative political Culture,” in Lucian W. Pye & Sidney Verba. eds., Political Culture and Political Development, Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press, 1965, pp.513-544. Valentine, Herman, “What Government Say and What Government Do: An Analysis of Postwar Queen’s Speech,” Parliamentary Affairs, Vol.28, 1975, pp.22-30. Varga, Mihai, “How Political Opportunities Strengthen the Far Right: Understanding the Rise in Far-Right Militancy in Russia,” Europe-Asia Studies, Vol. 60, No. 4, 2008, pp.561-575. White, Stephen, “Soviet Political Culture Ressessed,” in Archie Brown. eds., Political Culture and Communist Studies, London: Macmillan, 1984, pp.62-99. White, Stephen, “The Political Party,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.81-90. White, Stephen, “Classifying Russia’s Politics,” in Stephen White, Richard Sakwa & Henry E. Hale eds., Develoments in Russian Politics 7, New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2010, pp.263-280. Whitefield, Stephen, “Russian Citizens and Russian Democracy: Perceptions of State Governance and Democratic Practice, 1993-2007,” Post-Soviet Affairs, Vol. 25, No. 2 2009, pp.93-117. Willerton, John, “Putin and the Hegemonic Presidency,” in Stephen White, Zvi Gitelman & Richard Sakwa. eds., Developments in Russian politics 6, Durham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2005, pp.23-25 Wyman, Matthew, “Elections and Votes,” in Stephen White. eds., Developments in Russian Politics, Duham, N.C. : Duke University Press, 2001, pp.68. 三、網路資源 (一) 網站「人權觀察」：<http://www.hrw.org/> 「自由之家」：< http://www.freedomhouse.org> 「保護記者協會」：< http://cpj.org/ > 「俄羅斯聯邦總統」：<http://eng.kremlin.ru/> 「俄羅斯聯邦院」：<http://www.council.gov.ru/eng/index.html> 「俄羅斯聯邦中央選舉委員會」：<http://www.cikrf.ru/eng/elect_duma/leg/index.jsp> 「國際特赦」：<http://www.amnesty.org/> 「統一俄羅斯黨」：<http://er.ru/index.shtml> 「歐洲自由電台」：< http://www.rferl.org/section/Russia/161.html > (二) 新聞 BBC中文網，「別斯蘭為人質事件死者舉行首批葬禮」，<http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_3620000/newsid_3629500/3629512.stm>，檢視日期：2011/02/18。 BBC中文網，「數萬俄國人群聚紅場參與反恐集會」，<http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_3630000/newsid_3635200/3635234.stm>，檢視日期：2011/02/18。 BBC中文網，「愛沙尼亞駐莫斯科使館暫停領事業務」，<http://news.bbc.co.uk/chinese/trad/hi/newsid_6610000/newsid_6617200/6617271.stm>，檢視日期：2011/03/02。 BBC NEWS, “Russian youths 'hound UK envoy”, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6162033.stm>. 檢視日期：2011/03/02。 (三) 評論 McFaul, Michael, “Putin’s Strong Hand Is Failing Russia,” Center for American Progress, <http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2004/09/b186693.html>. (September 14, 2004). 檢視日期：2011/02/20。 Rutland, Peter, “Is Putin Out to Destroy Civil Society in russia?,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, Vol. 1, Issue. 21, (May 31, 2004). <http://www.jamestown.org/programs/edm/single/?tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=26588&tx_ttnews%5BbackPid%5D=175&no_cache=1>. 檢視日期：2011/01/29。 Hahn, Gordon, “Putin’s Stealth Authoritarianism,” Radio Free Europe, <http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1344299.html> (April15, 22 &29, 2004). 檢視日
Description:	碩士國立政治大學俄羅斯研究所 96263006 99
Source URI:	http://thesis.lib.nccu.edu.tw/record/#G0962630061
Data Type:	thesis
Appears in Collections:	[俄羅斯研究所] 學位論文

Files in This Item:

File	Size	Format
006101.pdf	7740Kb	Adobe PDF	1548	View/Open