改革開放後天津產業結構的發展與其影響因素

Abstract

天津經過百年來的努力發展，以及改革開放後濱海新區在「十一五規劃」被納入國家發展戰略，不但成為中國大陸高收入的城市，亦是眾多外資亟欲前往的投資地點。從天津三級產業結構的觀察，可以發現雖然目前天津的第二、三級產業的分布仍與先進國家有所落差，但整體來說，仍是逐漸從二三一的產業結構往三二一的產業結構發展。但1997年至2006年仍發生工業化現象，即工業部門產值比重增加。這段時間亦伴隨產業升級，使得產業結構從消費財產業轉成為資本財產業。由政策上觀察，此結果主要與天津濱海新區的發展關係最密切。\n從本研究的ARDL時間序列模型的估計中發現，造成天津工業化的最主要因素為資本勞動比的提升與貿易依存度的增加，而造成產業升級的主要因素則為外資與財政的科技支出。天津政府在經濟迅速發展的條件下，調節產業結構的均衡發展亦是重要任務，使得天津以及中國大陸其他城市能夠早日進入已開發國家的產業結構模式。

After centuries of efforts to develop and the Binhai New Area being writing into national development strategies in the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" after reform and open-up, Tianjin has not only become the high-income cities in mainland China, but also a location that many foreign investment is anxious to go. According to the observation of Thrice Industrial structure in Tianjin, there is a big gap that the distribution of Tianjin’s secondary and tertiary industry with compared with other advanced countries. However, on the whole, there is still a gradual shift from the industrial structure of two-three-one to three-two-one. From 1997 to 2006, there is still a phenomenon of industrialization in Tianjin, which means that the percentage of secondary industry increasing the whole industrial sectors’ GDP. It’s also accompanied with industrial upgrading, which means that industrial structure will turn from consumer goods industries to capital property industries. From the prospect of policy, this result is most closely related to the development of the Tianjin Binhai New Area. \nBy using ARDL time series model, this study estimates found that the most important factor of Tianjin industrialization was the capital-labor ratio improvement and the increase of trade dependence. The main factor of causing the industrial upgrading was the foreign investment and finance spending on technology. Under the rapid economic development, adjusting the industrial structure for balanced development is also Tianjin Government’s important task that could help Tianjin and other cities in mainland China as early as possible to enter the mode of development of the country`s industrial structure.