近代超克論與殖民地文學---以日本、台灣、韓國為中心-韓國文壇對「近代超克論」的挪用(Ⅲ)

Abstract

本研究計畫原係以整合型計畫【「近代超克論」與殖民地文學：以日本、台灣、韓國為中心】為題，向國科會提出申請之三年期研究計畫當中之子計畫：『韓國文壇對「近代超克論」的挪用』，並通過審查獲得第一、二年補助，此為第三年計畫申請的提出。本計畫第一年期業已結案，第二年期目前正積極進行中，相關研究成果將以參與學術會議及發表學術期刊論文來陸續展現。本研究的主要目的，在於探討「近代超克論」對韓國文學的接受樣貌，並拿來作為與台灣文學進行比較研究的前提。「近代超克論」乃是日據末期日本挑起中日戰爭後，為企圖擴大其帝國版圖所建構「新體制」的文化論述，也是「大東亞共榮圈」的後方意識形態。不過，由於「近代超克論」本身具備了對西方現代的強烈批判和否定意識，以及它追求東洋精神和強力的國家主義內容，因而在殖民地朝鮮和台灣文學界引起了巨大的迴響，影響所及，它甚且激使兩國知識分子自發性扮演起協助侵略戰爭的角色。具戰爭意識形態性格的「近代超克論」，雖然其核心內容為「全體主義」和「日本主義」，但是日本為了順利推動侵略戰爭，以強制手段和文化霸權兼施的方式，在台灣、朝鮮等殖民地傳播，加之，日本在亞洲的戰勢進展相當順利，法西斯政權在西方也迭有斬獲，巴黎淪陷的消息跟著傳來，頓時形成一種西方現代將被終結的氣象。面對此空前的時局變化，殖民地知識分子在呼應日本積極傳播的「近代超克」邏輯時，反應出的是極為複雜的態度，呈現一種不能只以親日/抗日或協力/抵抗的二分法來把握的多重糾葛和拮抗關係。有鑑於此，本研究將集中探討戰爭時期日本所建立的「新體制」，以及其後方意識形態的「近代超克論」在殖民地朝鮮能被接受的在地環境、接受過程和影響結果，並進一步分析促使殖民地知識分子願意協助戰爭的同意機制和精神面貌，來考察朝鮮文壇面對帝國文學的要求所做出的回應樣貌，進而配合其他子計畫，作為與日本和台灣文學進行比較研究的一個基礎。

The purpose of this Study is to explore the degree to which “Overcoming Modernit y＂ is being adopted within Korean literature; the status quo will constitute the premise for conducting a comparative study with Taiwanese literature. “Overcoming Modernit y＂ was a cultural discourse of a “new system＂ constructed to serve the scheme of i mperial reign after Japan had provoked the Sino-Japan War during the final years of Ja panese Occupation of Taiwan, as well as an ideology behind the “Great East Asia Coprosperity Sphere＂. However, because “Overcoming Modernity＂ possessed an intensel y critical and denial ideology against the modern West and personified the Japanese spir it and powerful nationalism, it triggered great responses among literature circles in both colonial Korea and Taiwan, and to such a degree that it inspired the intellectuals of the two countries to spontaneously assume supportive roles in the invasion campaign. With a war ideology characterized by such core values as “totalism＂ and “Japanis m＂, Japan disseminated the concept of “Overcoming Modernity＂ in its colonies, incl uding Taiwan and Korea, by simultaneously adopting coercive measures and promoting c ultural supremacy, in order to launch successful invasion campaigns. Compounding that e ffort were the successes in the war that Japan was waging in Asia, victories of fascism in the western world, and the fall of Paris; suddenly the end of western modernity see med to be imminent. Under such unprecedented changes to the world order, intellectuals in colonies responded to the logic of “Overcoming Modernity＂ proactively promoted by Japan in extreme complexity; the result was an entangling relationship that could not be mastered by any dichotomy as simple as pro-Japan versus anti-Japan or assistance v ersus resistance. In light of this phenomenon, this Study focuses on the discussion of the “new syste m＂ developed by Japan during wartime, the local colonial Korean environment that ma de acceptance of the ideology of “Overcoming Modernity＂ behind the “new syste m＂ possible, and the processes related to its influence and acceptance. This Study further explores the responses that had to be made by the Korean literary c ircle in order to comply with the demands of imperial literature, by analyzing the condit ions and spiritual facet that facilitated agreement by the intellectuals in the colony to be coming accessories of the war effort. The results will lay the foundation for future com parative studies on Taiwanese literature.