客語歇後語語意之機制：隱喻與轉喻的觀點(II)

Abstract

Examining two-part allegorical sayings—a unique discourse form pervasive in many Asian languages—this study has two purposes: to establish an appropriate taxonomic framework to categorize this discourse form, and to explicate the knowledge schemas involved for its successful construal. While displaying most of the idiomatic characteristics observed in English or Dutch idioms, two-part allegorical sayings are different in that they cannot succinctly fit into the four-way classification by the conceptual apparatus—isomorphism and motivation. The criteria of classification require not only form-meaning mappings but also conceptual and phonological associations. Four types are therefore identified: homophonic association with Thing or Situation, and conceptual association with Thing or Situation. Furthermore, the prevalent cultural model, the Great Chain Metaphor, together with specific local folk knowledge schemas, provides us with systematic regularities and strong cultural constraints both for the linguistic choice of surface forms and for the inferred interpretations.

本計畫研究客語歇後語，提出分類架構及詮釋原則。歇後語雖然具有一般諺語的部分特質，但更有其獨具的特色，分類標準需包含語意及語音兩個面向。本計畫提出四類的歇後語類型，分別透過聲音機制或概念機制，而前兩項又分別涵蓋藉助物件或情境。同時，本文也提出透過生命物種的大鏈隱喻及客語獨特的文化知識體系，我們可以瞭解歇後語在語言形式及詮釋上所展現的系統規律以及文化限制。