韓語情態構句與相對應之中文用法

Abstract

所謂情態（modality），乃話者心理層面的表現，其主觀感知與思考模式之差異，對外國學習者而言是不易學習的一環。韓語中，可以表示情態的方式有很多，如情態素（겠, 리, 더, 구나…）、構句（ㄹ 수 있다, ㄹ 것 같다, ㄹ 듯하다, 고 싶다…）、副詞（반드시, 아마, 설마, 혹시, 부디）、用言（추측하다, 생각하다, 믿다, 틀림없다…）等，本計畫以構句為主要研究對象，從形態論（morphology）與構辭論（syntax）的角度出發，進而與敘法（mood）聯繫，透過相關語料，分析其差異性，並找出相對應之中文用法模組。中文表示情態的方式有助動詞（會、能、要、想…）、語氣詞（吧、呢、啊…）、動詞或形容詞（認為、相信…）、語氣副詞（也許、恐怕、大概、果然、一定…）以及語調等，其複雜性不亞於韓文。然，若能找出中韓情態構句相對應之模組，將有助於情態教授法的改善，對於韓語學習者在情態構句的實際應用上，亦有所助益。

Modality is a speaker’s psychological presentation. Due to the differences of objective perceptions and thinking patterns, foreign learners are difficulty to tackle modality. In Korean language, there are various ways to express modality, such emotional modality（겠, 리, 더, 구나…）, construction phrases（ㄹ 수 있다, ㄹ 것 같다, ㄹ 듯하다, 고 싶다…）、adverb（반드시, 아마, 설마, 혹시, 부디）、verbs or adjectives（추측하다, 생각하다, 믿다, 틀림없다…）, and etc. This research, aiming at construction phrases and based on morphology and syntax, examines various moods and analyzes the differences among related language information and thus finds out the corresponding modules of Chinese. In Chinese language, modality can be expressed through verbs (such as can, will, want, be willing to…), modal particles（such as 吧、呢、啊…）, verbs or adjectives (such as think, believe…), adverbs (such as perhaps, I am afraid that, probably, for sure, must be…), intonation, and etc. Chinese language is as complex as Korean. Nonetheless, if we can find out the corresponding modules of modal construction sentences in Chinese and Korean respectively, it will be helpful to improve current teaching on modality. Furthermore, the findings will enhance Korean learners to apply in modal construction phrases. It is this research’s dual purpose to contribute to both academic study as well as practical usage.