中國大陸的社經變遷與法制發展-子計畫二：社會經濟之變遷與紛爭解決途徑 (I)

Abstract

大陸自七Ｏ年代末期以來所展開之經濟體制改革，依隨其經濟的高度發展而引起世人矚目。其在七Ｏ年末期所開展之經濟體制改革乃係在計劃經濟體制之基礎上逐步創設所得致。但應注意，因大陸地區之政治體制，仍決定其法律之實際操作。因而在中央計劃經濟國家，其透過行政指令性的作為運作依歸，每將法律及其實施之間的對立導向極端。儘管許多法律已被書面記載—例如憲法中保證公民基本自由的條款—，而事實上卻未被付諸實行。因此，在對於體制轉軌的國家而言，在經濟發展之外，如何建構出強而有力的機構，使能將新頒布的法律從理論變為實踐，從而對經濟發展有實質支撐，對於司法體系之建構或重新塑造，乃近十數年來國家法政發展之重點之一。實則，在中國大陸近數十年來已歷經三次重大政經社會之變革，近年來甚至亦可能可被稱為已具有第四次變革之規模基礎。其中對於社會上紛爭之解決，大陸地區亦有其本土性之發展，例如強調和諧社會等機制。對此，本計畫擬自中國在其社會主義底下如何建構其紛爭解決機制進行系統性、社會性及實證性之分析，希能有助於對中國大陸法制及其社會變遷之連動，獲得更深刻之認識。

Since the economic reform of 1970s, many more contractual or other kinds of disputes have appeared in the everyday life and businesses of mainland Chinese society. This project aims to answer the following questions: What have been the types and features of the common disputes? In what ways these disputes have been resolved (or not resolved)? What have been (and will be) the roles of the administrative agencies and the Communist Party in the dispute resolution process? What have been (and will be) the roles of courts or quasi-judicial institutions, such as arbitration and mediation, in the dispute resolution process? In addition to “law in books,” this project will pay special attention to the question of “law in action” and explore how the innumerable laws and regulations actually work (or not work) in everyday life. Moreover, the researchers will attempt to answer not only the “what” question, but also the “why” question and “comparison” (among different periods of time or areas) question. To properly answer these research questions above, it is necessary to conduct empirical studies and interview research in China.