開放科學運動的理念與挑戰

Abstract

｢開放科學｣並不是晚近才出現的概念，事實上，自二十世紀以來，多數科學研究社群都受到開放科學的價值精神影響，科學研究向來具有很強的開放性、社群性及相互批判性等社會規範與價值。近年來，由於愈形密切的產學合作關係及政府規範研發成果的法令，使得科學研究的成果漸趨商業化，科學社群過去所強調開放與分享的社會規範與價值受到相當大的挑戰，也因此使得開放科學的呼聲時有所聞，開放科學的概念也又重新受到重視。究竟應如何解決或舒緩科學研究過度封閉、排他或商業化之問題，以實踐開放科學的理想，並維持開放科學的成果，涉及許多法律與政策問題，亟待學界討論研究。本研究計畫將介紹近年來開放科學運動的推動背景及正當性，其中著重在探討制度及法律上造成科學研究漸趨封閉的原因。本研究亦會探討相關推動開放科學之作為所可能面臨的困難與挑戰，由法律、政策、科學研究的本質及科學社群運作慣例等角度切入，期能對不同的開放科學推動策略作出可行性及成功可能性之評估。此外，本研究亦希望發現國內科學社群對於開放科學議題之態度，及國際上開放科學運動之對國內科學社群之影響，以為未來制定相關政策時之參考。

“Ｏpen science” is not a new idea to the scientific communities. The value of open science has rooted in most scientific communities since twentieth century. Science has been recognized as a field of openness, community, and criticism. Nonetheless, in recent years, science has been more and more commercialized and its openness has been partly eroded because of the increasing academic-industrial collaboration and government regulations. Therefore, there has been a call for “open science” from various scientific communities, especially biomedical ones. How to solve or alleviate the over-closed, over-exclusive, and over-commercialized problem in scientific research and maintain the openness of science are associated with a number of legal and policy issues, which is valuable for further research. This project will introduce the background and justification of the open science movement, especially the laws and policies that cause the increasing secrecy and competition with the scientific communities. This project will also analyze the obstacles and challenges facing the open science movement via the lenses of law, policy, the nature of science, and the social norms underlying the scientific communities. Moreover, this project will assess the feasibilities of varios open sceince strategies. Lastly, this project will observe the impact of open science movement on domestic scientific communities, and provide some relevant information for future policymaking