金磚四國與國際政治板塊之變遷---俄國對歐盟及北約觀點差異性之研究

Abstract

俄國對歐盟及北約觀點差異性之研究本研究計畫為「金磚四國與國際政治板塊之變遷」整合型計畫之子計畫，該整合型計畫的宗旨主要將針對巴西、俄羅斯、印度與中國等四個潛在區域強權進行個別研究，更將包含以這四個區域強權為主的區域政治經濟研究與宏觀的國際格局變遷分析。本研究計畫將緊扣「俄羅斯與以俄羅斯為主軸之俄歐區域政治經濟研究」之主題，闡明俄國對歐洲國家為主的兩個組織(歐盟、北約)看法歧異點，分析俄國對外政策的轉變因素。俄國前總統普京(Vladimir Putin)的外交政策和九○年代葉爾辛(Boris Yeltsin)政府或甚至前蘇聯政府不同之處，其中很重要的一點在於對歐洲的看法。過去認為歐美一體皆為所謂西方國家，但普京很強調歐洲一體，而且希望俄國能夠融入歐洲，亦即所謂「歐洲是歐洲人的歐洲」。有關全歐洲統合議題，前普京政府及現今梅德韋傑夫(Dmitry Medvedev)政府的外交政策是以融入歐洲為主要基調，俄羅斯也表達參與歐洲事務的意願與誠意。但俄國主張應由歐洲國家來決定自己的事務，反對非歐洲國家(主要指美國)的干涉，尤其是俄羅斯應有對歐洲全面統合(主要指俄羅斯融入歐洲)議題享有發言權。至於俄羅斯現今對北約(NATO)係採取戰略守勢，而且還是在北約跨入俄羅斯所設立的「紅線」後，俄羅斯才加以反擊。俄國對以純粹歐洲國家所組成的歐盟(EU)和以美國主導的北約(主要成員係歐洲國家)的這兩個組織有不同的觀點。本論文擬就俄國對上述兩組織觀點的差異性進行研究，此研究將有助於釐清俄國對歐盟及美國政策的差異性。

Differentia of Russian Cognition on EU and NATO This research project will be conducted under the framework of “BRIC and the Reconfiguration of International Political Map” which is aimed at delineating the political and economic distribution of capability. To be specific, this research project will contour Moscow’s European strategy on two international organizations. The foreign policy of former Russian president Vladimir Putin is different from that of the President Boris Yeltsin’s government in 1990s and even the Soviet Union. One of the most important is how Russia views on Europe. In the past, Europe and U.S. were identified as so called “Western Countries”. But Putin emphasized the notion that Russia and Europe is the whole body, and Russia would like to “merge” into Europe. With regard to the notion of “European unification”, both of the government, no matter how former Putin’s and nowadays Medvedev’s, aim at the issue that Russia should merge into Europe and acquire a proper position in EU. Also, Russia shows its intention and enthusiasm about taking part in European affairs. However, Russia claims that European affairs should be decided only by themselves, and opposes definitely these affairs interfered by non-European countries. Nowadays, Russia takes a posture of “strategic defense” to NATO. Only NATO crossed the “red lines”, then Russia made a decision to fight back. Obviously, Russia has different points of view on EU and NATO. Consequently, this project will evaluate the differences of Russian views on EU and NATO, and the result will be helpful about clarifying Russian foreign policies on EU and U.S.