金磚四國與國際政治板塊之變遷-俄羅斯與近鄰國家的能源關係---衝突與合作模式之比較分析

Abstract

俄羅斯與近鄰國家的能源關係:衝突與合作模式之比較分析本研究計畫為「金磚四國與國際政治板塊之變遷」整合型計畫之子計畫，該整合型計畫旨在針對巴西、俄羅斯、印度以及中國等四個潛在區域強權，進行個別研究；更涵蓋以此四個區域強權為主的區域政治經濟研究，以及宏觀的國際格局變遷之分析。本計畫將探討俄羅斯與近鄰國家的能源關係，俄國視前蘇聯加盟共和國為「近鄰」，是其戰略利益之所在。而俄國與近鄰國家的關係變遷過程，能源成為俄國外交新工具，易言之，以能源做為「棍棒與紅蘿蔔」的政策工具。近年來，俄國與烏克蘭的天然氣爭端，就是以能源做為脅迫手段的案例。此外，面對美、歐、中的能源競逐，俄國則加強與哈薩克及土庫曼的能源合作。本計畫除研究俄國與近鄰的能源關係外，並嘗試以個案分析的方式，比較分析能源衝突與合作的模式，藉以瞭解俄國如何藉由能源戰略的運作，影響近鄰國家的外交動向，進而左右區域政治的發展。

Energy Relations between Russia and the Near Abroad: Comparative Studies of Conflicting and Cooperative Models Abstract This research project will be conducted under the framework of “BRIC and the Reconfiguration of International Political Map” which is aimed at delineating the influence of regional powers such as Brazil, Russia, India and China on international political and economic distribution of capability. This project intends to analyze energy relations between Russia and countries of the “near abroad”, including the conflicting and cooperative cases. Since the year 2000, Putin’s presidency, energy diplomacy has become more activity. Energy diplomacy plays an important role in Russia’s foreign policies. As one of the world`s main exporter of oil and natural gas, Russia uses energy as a new diplomatic tool to impact upon foreign relations of republics of the near abroad. This research contends that carrots and sticks are two sides of tools when Russia engages in energy diplomacy with states of the near abroad.