分散式領導、教師學術樂觀與學生學習成就關係之研究

Abstract

傳統上的研究泰半將領導實務或功能，定位在擁有正式權力的職務者或角色者身上，以及歸因在具備英雄式能力者和魅力特質者。然而，實際上有許多組織需仰賴其他成員的能力和領導，以完成任務。在教育領域上，分散式領導的概念已引起教育人員與行政人員多年以來的注意，而團隊與團隊工作的型式也一直增加其在教育上的重要性。更重要的是，試圖了解領導如何對於學校與學生產生影響，已經從個人領導（例如校長）的觀點延伸到分散式與集體式領導的觀點。實證研究指出，教師學術樂觀是分散式領導所造成的可能結果，而更高程度的分散式領導會影響學生學習成效。除此之外，學術樂觀能對學生學習成就造成顯著的貢獻，研究發現亦支持了學術樂觀的重要本質。有鑑於此，本研究旨在調查分散式領導、教師學術樂觀，以及學生學習成就三者之間的關係。本研究將抽樣台灣地區國民小學教師1200名，由教師根據自身的知覺填寫問卷；並使用結構方程模式統計技術，從資料分析中檢驗本研究假設模式。最後，根據研究調查結果與發現，提出分散式領導與教師學術樂觀的建議，以供教育行政機與學校行政人員之參考。

The study of leadership practices or functions has traditionally located them individuals, usually people in roles or positions with formal authority and infrequently people to whom heroic capabilities and charismatic qualities are attributed. Nonetheless, most organizations have always relied heavily on the leadership provided by many other members of the organization to actually get work done. The concept of distributed leadership has attracted sustained attention for a number of years in education, and Teams and teamwork are also of increasing importance in education. More importantly, efforts to better understand how leadership influences schools and students is now being extended from leadership as it is exercised by individuals (such as principals) to distributed and collective leadership enactments. Studies show that academic optimism as a potential consequence of distributed leadership, and more distributed forms of leadership and certain positive student outcomes. In addition, academic optimism made a significant contribution to student achievement, and the findings support the critical nature of academic optimism. Based on the aforementioned results, the purpose of this study is to investigate relationships among distributed leadership, teachers’ academic optimism, and student achievement. The survey target population will be consisted of 1200 teachers randomly selected from Taiwan elementary schools. Teachers will be asked to measure their perceptions regarding distributed leadership and optimism. Structural equation modeling (SEM) will be additionally employed for data analysis to test the model. Based on the results, suggestions will be made for authorities and school administrators’ reference.