輸出改革─ 全球化與中國大陸中央國有企業的走出去戰略

Abstract

輸出改革─全球化與中國大陸中央國有企業的走出去戰略自本世紀初始中國大陸中央政府推動「走出去」戰略以來，中國大陸企業在全球經濟的活動日益頻繁,其中尤以中央國有企業(央企)的跨國交易為大宗。本研究計畫擬探討在「走出去」政策執行的第一個十年期間對於國有企業部門發展的影響為何。當央企更為國際化，其行為是否發生變化以及發生什麼樣的變化？本計畫假設國有企業隨著跨國經營的發展，其海外商業行為逐漸受到全球市場的紀律規範，因此隨著企業國際化程度的加深，其公司治理也愈趨完善。由於國有企業龐大的行政資源，此一改革效果無法在中央政府推行的國有企業改革方案中獲得。簡言之，當強大的央企在國內市場持續其尋租行為時，海外市場提供中國大陸政府另一個改革國有企業的途徑。為驗證上述假設，本研究計畫選擇四個大型央企的對外直接投資與對外承包工程為個案研究：中國石油天然氣集團、中國建築工程總公司、中國遠洋運輸集團以及中國機械工業集團。本研究計畫成果將進一步發展政治經濟學理論上對於轉型經濟體中尋租行為的研究，同時對於因應「中國大陸經濟崛起」的相關實務政策研究提出新的見解。

Outsourcing Reform: Globalization and the “Going Out” Strategy of China’s Central State-owned Enterprises Since the Chinese central government has initiated the “Going Out” strategy in the beginning of the century, overseas ventures by Chinese firms have been increased enormously, most of them coming from central state-owned enterprises (SOEs). This project seeks to understand what implications China’s “Going Out” strategy has for the SOE reform. When the degree of internationalization of central SOEs increases, do central SOEs change their behavior correspondingly? If so, what kind of behavior change the central SOEs have experienced? This project hypothesizes that while central SOEs develop their transnational operations, their overseas investment behavior is gradually bound by market discipline. As a result, the more internationalization the central SOEs are, the better their corporate governance is. Such a reforming effect cannot be obtained in the domestic market due to substantial administrative leverage of central SOEs. In short, while powerful central SOEs continue their rent-seeking activities in the domestic market, overseas markets provide the Chinese state an alternative means of reforming its state sector. To test the preceding hypothesis, this project examines outward foreign direct investment and international construction contracting by four large central SOEs: China National Petroleum Corporation, China State Construction Engineering Corporation, China Ocean Shipping Company, and China National Machinery Industry Corporation. The project will contribute to the study of rent seeking in transitional economies and carry enormous implications for policy-making related to China’s economic rise.