郝大通《太古集》的天道觀－以其《易》圖中的宇宙時空圖式為主體（上）

Abstract

郝大通的丹道之學，多能融通易學與《周易參同契》，雖然丹學理論與老子體道自然之說相契，卻也不脫易學的俯觀仰察於天地之象的思維本質，在其宇宙觀的認識上，更不能獨立於易學的陰陽生化系統之外。其傳述的圖式當中，大多數都能反映出易學宇宙觀的傳統觀點，也成為其丹道學說的重要特色。本研究論題主要從郝大通《太古集》中可能確認為丹道《易》圖、並且能夠展現出宇宙圖式之粗要輪廓的二十餘個圖式裡，理解郝氏的宇宙時空內涵。試圖在其有限的文獻中，進一步建構其自然天道觀下的宇宙時空圖式，揀選其具有代表性的《易》圖作為分析與詮解的主要對象，重建其宇宙時空認識的具體內涵。包括天地乾坤的有關圖式，以及天地之數圖式、日月圖式、河洛圖式、五行圖式，也都在其陰陽變化規律下建成。宇宙的時空，都立基於陰陽而落實，陰陽的重要性，在其宇宙圖式中，不斷的得以透顯。本研究論題分為上、下二篇，本文著重於探述郝大通天道觀系統的主體內涵，尤其展現在道氣的重要本質與生化架構上，以及理解乾坤體用並顯的時空觀，同時論釋由乾坤所推布出的《易》卦時空向度的具體意義。\r\nHao Datong`s Dan-dao theory incorporates Yixue and Zhouyi Cantongqi. It is not only compatible with Laozi`s interpretation of nature but also based on the essence of Yixue way of thinking-observation of nature, and on the flux of yin and yang. Most of the Yi-diagrams Hao has developed are reflections of traditional cosmology, an important feature in his Dan-dao theory. The present study is a two-part study with the aims to analyze Hao`s cosmology from his more than twenty Yi-diagrams found in his Taiguji. Besides, from scarce literature, a diagram of the universe, time, and space based on his outlook on nature is reconstructed by interpreting his most representative Yi-diagrams. The importance of yin and yang is manifested throughout all of Hao`s diagrams. His diagrams of the numbers of heaven and earth, qian and kun, sun and moon, He-luo, and Wuxing are all designed according to the natural flux of yin and yang, and he proposes that time and space in the universe are both anchored by yin and yang. The first part of the study explores Hao`s view on Tiandao, with the focus on Dao-qi and his framework of the flux of yin and yang, interprets his cosmology from qian and kun, and explains the significance of the time and space dimensions of Yi-gua derived from qian-kun.