倒讀《厲威也憚》：論霍布斯的弔詭及其可能的解決

Abstract

一般對霍布斯《厲威也憚》的讀法都是從頭正面讀起：從人性到自然狀態到國家建立……。但是依此順序，則會遇到各種弔詭：民主弔詭、主權弔詭、建國弔詭等。為免除這種種弔詭，本文建議：應該顛倒閱讀的順序：將上帝或耶穌作為主權者當作既予的或先驗的前提，如此則各種弔詭才或許有可能迎刃而解。

The normal reading of Hobbes`s Leviathan is one that according to its own order: from the nature of man to the natural situation, then the establishment of commonwealth...... In doing so one encounters several paradoxes, including the paradox of democracy, sovereignty, and the establishment of state. In this article is suggested that this order should be reversed, so that the sovereignty as God or/and Jesus as Christ should be posited as a priori or at least as given. By this reversal reading, the above seeming paradoxes could all be solved.