社會公平與經濟發展：台灣民眾的政策意向之初探

Abstract

本研究的目標是探索台灣民眾對公共政策的偏好為何，也就是在國家定位與族群認同之外，台灣社會對公共政策是否有具體且系統性的民意？利用2006年的民意調查資料，本文從預算分配的角度分析民眾對於六項公共政策的偏好，並且根據過去的研究建構民眾對於公共政策的態度，簡稱政策意向。本文除了探討各項人口特徵與政策意向之間的關係外，並且嘗試分析政策意向與投票行為之間的聯結。本研究的結果可歸納為以下四點：第一、民眾具有社會公平與經濟發展的政策意向；第二、民眾對於社會公平議題的支持度較高，對於經濟發展議題的支持度似乎較低；第三、民眾的社經地位和其政策意向有顯著的關聯性；第四、政策意向的效度測試顯示，越支持社會公平越不會投給國民黨籍縣市長候選人，而越支持經濟發展則越可能會投給國民黨籍縣市長候選人。

The article explores Taiwanese public opinion toward public policies. We assume that Taiwan`s general public has systematic preferences toward public policies beyond national and ethnic identity issues. By using survey data, we first analyze mass policy preferences in the aggregate level, and then construct two indicators to summarize one`s policy preferences-namely, the \"Social Justice\" and \"Economic Development\" policy orientations, respectively. Furthermore, we dissect the two policy orientations through a number of socialeconomic variables and examine the extent to which one`s policy orientations affect voting behavior. Our findings can be summarized in four points. First, Taiwan`s general public tends to prefer spending on redistributive policy rather than on developmental policy. Second, an individual`s policy orientations are related to not only her priorities on budget allocation, but also her preference between environmental protection and economic development. Third, one`s social-economic status is highly associated with her policy orientations. Finally, policy orientations do affect voting behavior. Yet, in comparison with the independence/unification issue position and ethnic identity, policy orientations are indeed less influential on voting behavior.